The study of human evolution encompasses various scientific disciplines including anthropology, genetics, and primatology. Human beings, like other primates, exhibit significant anatomical and genetic diversity.
Information from old sediments, chemicals and ROCK's
Principles of Darwinism
All apes
'Race' is a made up concept due to human psychology and sociology, it has no basis in real science.
these new attributes that gave advantages became more prevalent over time and helped define our species.
human beings then falsely make connections where none exist and consciously or unconsciously perform segregation on other ethnicities, 'races', or religions
sociology
though physical attributes can be more easily defined , and have higher tendencies to appear in certain areas, intelligence is a far more complicated matter
there are physical attributes with tendencies to show more commonly or scarcely in isolated or specific areas, though these are just tendencies with many 'blurred lines' and no hard science behind them
many primates, such as chimpanzees and silver back gorillas sue have forms of communication or 'language' that use both vocal and physical expression.
the epiglottis, larynx and other anatomical differences prevent primates to use sophisticated speech.
geographic tendencies
racism
biological variation
Considering the genetic variability of just siblings to each other, human technically have extreme amounts of variety, in a genetic sense, comparing themselves.
Due to allele frequencies and probability, two paired humans, or any organisms, are not guaranteed the dame offspring, and a single human has million of possible allele frequencies for just two parents.
humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, all possessing different genetic material, alleles, and DNA.
'Race'
environmental fitness
heritability
natural selection
sociology of primates
speech
behavior
much like humans, apes have variety among themselves, yet some posses even more such as the
anatomical differences
Biological variety
Half-life determines radiometric date, using chemistry and physics to determine the age of biological remains.
Radiometric dating
interbreeding (exception to some Africans)
Possibly first tool-making Homo
possibly first fire making
Likely first bipedal Homonin
Homo mauritanicus
Homo heidelbergensis
Gorillas
Chimpanzees
Hominin, Hominid, and Primate evolution
common Hominin ancestor (possibly Nyanzapithecus alesi)
Australopithecus afarensis
Homo habilis
Homo erectus
Homo neanderthalensis
Homo sapiens
Forensic Anthroplolgy
Archaeology
many primates posses the potential for higher degrees of 'language', here Koko the Gorilla is taught over 1100 human words, and hundreds and sigh language phrases, that she can respond and react with.