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SISTEMA GESTOR DE BASES DE DATOS

Un sistema gestor de bases de datos (SGBD) es una herramienta crucial en la administración y organización de información. Los SGBD pueden clasificarse en diferentes tipos, como los relacionales, que estructuran datos en tablas; los orientados a objetos, que manejan la relación entre datos y herencia; y los orientados a documentos, que almacenan datos en documentos individuales.

SISTEMA GESTOR DE BASES DE DATOS

SISTEMA GESTOR DE BASES DE DATOS

Rivers have always been essential for human life and settlement. A source for drinking, the source of food, and a way to transfer goods from one place to another. They are essential in the environment of rainforest and wetlands.

modelos de SGBD

The Yangtze holds the title of Asia’s longest river. The Yangtze has a momentous place in China’s history and culture, providing some of the country’s most fertile land as well as some of its most artistically inspiring scenery.

Where the Mekong river runs, the land is incredibly verdant shaping one of the richest areas of biodiversity on the planet. Thousands of species call its shores and waters home. Long an essential trade route the Mekong passes through, or close to, some of the region’s most important cities, including Vientiane, Phnom Penh and Saigon.

tipos

The Mekong is a trans-boundary river in Southeast Asia. Its estimated length is 4,350 km.

From the Tibetan Plateau, the river runs through China's Yunnan Province, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam.
The Mekong rises as the Za Qu and soon becomes known as the Lancang (Lantsang) in the 'Three Rivers Source Area' on the Tibetan Plateau in the Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve. It approaches and empties into the sea through the Mekong Delta. Tributaries: Nam Khan, Tha, Nam Ou, Mun, Tonle Sap, Kok, Ruak.

orientada a documentos

Mekong River has many tributaries. Type in at least 3 of its affluents.

permite almacenar los registros de datos en diferentes documentos.

orientada a objetos

Where is the place where Mekong drains into a larger body of water ? Type in the answer.

importa la relación entre los registros de datos y el concepto de la herencia.

red

Where is the original point from which Mekong flows? Type in the answer.

los datos se estructuran en forma de red.

jerarquica

donde los diferentes datos se organizan en relaciones, estructura similar a la de un arbol.

relacional

Mekong River flows through 6 countries. Type them in.

los datos se estructuran en filas de tabla.

sistemas más populares

The Yangtze or Yangzi is the longest river in Asia and the longest in the world to flow entirely within one country (Qinghai, Tibet, Yunnan, Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai provinces). It rises in the northern part of the Tibetan Plateau and flows 6,300 km in a generally easterly direction to the East China Sea.

Tributaries: Yalong, Min, Tuo, Jialing, Han, Wu, Yuan, Zi, Xiang, Gan, Huangpu.
In mid-2014, the Chinese government announced it was building a multi-tier transport network, comprising railways, roads, and airports, to create a new economic belt alongside the river.

IBM Informix (relacional)

The Yangtze River has over 700 tributaries. Type in some of its major affluents.

InterSystems IRIS (combina relacional y orientado a objetos)

Where is the place where Yangtze drains into a larger body of water ? Type in the answer.

MongoDB (orientado a documentos)

Where is the original point from which Yangtze flows? Type in the answer.

Microsoft SQL Server (relacional)
MySQL (relacional)
Microsoft Access (relacional)

Yangtze River flows through 9 provinces in China. Type at least 5 of them.

propiedades

The Volga is the longest river in Europe. The waters of the Volga are used to irrigate the steppe regions of southern Russia. Because of its importance in the country, the Volga has mythological status in Russia, and many iconic sites are found along its banks

The Danube is the second-longest river in Europe. Travelers can experience many of the river's sights by embarking on a cruise along its waterways. Danube River Cruises, which are offered by Viking Cruises, typically stop in Cologne, Budapest, Nuremberg, Belgrade and Krems. Following the river is a way to experience several Eastern European cities in one trip. Famous monuments, such as the Hungarian Parliament, have been erected on its coast.

componentes

The Danube is located in Central and Eastern Europe.
The Danube flows through 10 countries, more than any other river in the world. Originating in the Black Forest in Germany, the Danube flows southeast for 2,850 km, passing through or bordering Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria, Moldova and Ukraine before draining into the Black Sea. The mouth of the Danube is the Danube Delta. The greater part of the Danube Delta lies in Romania, with a small part in Ukraine (Odessa Oblast).
Tributaries :Iller, Lech, Altmühl, Naab, Regen, Isar, Inn, Ilz, Enns, Morava, Rába, Váh, Hron, Ipeľ, Sió, Dráva, Vuka, Tisza, Sava, Tamiš, Great Morava, Mlava, Karaş, Jiu, Iskar, Olt, Osam, Argeș, Ialomița, Siret, Prut.

Lenguaje de manipulación de datos

Danube has over 27 tributaries. Remember that a tributary is a stream or river that flows into and joins a main river. Type in the names of some of Danube's tributaries.

se pueden introducir nuevos registros en la base de datos.

eliminar, modificar y consultar

Lenguaje de definición de datos

This is the place where Danube drains into a larger body of water . Type in the answer.

estructura el contenido de la base de datos.

crear, modificar y eliminar objetos individuales.

Diccionario de datos

Remember that this is the original point from which the river flows. Type in the answer.

lista de metadatos que reflejan las características de los diversos tipos de datos incluidos en la base de datos.

caracteristicas

The Volga is the longest river in Europe with a catchment area of 1,350,000 square km.
Eleven of the twenty largest cities of Russia, including the capital, Moscow, are located in the Volga's drainage basin. Rising in the Valdai Hills 225 meters above sea level northwest of Moscow and about 320 km southeast of Saint Petersburg, the Volga heads east past Lake Sterzh, Tver, Dubna, Rybinsk, Yaroslavl, Nizhny Novgorod, and Kazan. From there it turns south, flows past Ulyanovsk, Tolyatti, Samara, Saratov, and Volgograd, and discharges into the Caspian Sea.
Tributaries: Kama, Oka, Vetluga, and Sura. The Volga Delta has a length of about 160 kilometers and includes as many as 500 channels and smaller rivers.

integridad
respaldo y recuperación
seguridad

Volga River has 23 main tributaries. Type in several examples.

This is the place where it drains into a larger body of water - another river, a lake, the sea or the ocean.

redundancia mínima

The source of a river, also called headwaters, is the original point from which the river flows. Type in Volga's source.

control de la concurrencia
independencia
abstracción de la información

Volga flows through 11 out of the 20 most important cities in Russia. Type in a couple of these cities.

¿que es un sistema gestor de bdd?

There are four major rivers in Africa: the Nile, the Zambezi, the Congo, and the Niger. The Nile is one of the longest rivers in the world.

The Zambezi's most noted feature is Victoria Falls. Other notable falls include the Chavuma Falls at the border between Zambia and Angola, and Ngonye Falls, near Sioma in Western Zambia.

permite

The Zambezi is the fourth-longest river in Africa and the largest flowing into the Indian Ocean from Africa. The area of its basin is 1,390,000 square km.

The 2,574-km-long river rises in Zambia and flows through eastern Angola, along the north-eastern border of Namibia and the northern border of Botswana, then along the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe to Mozambique, where it crosses the country to empty into the Indian Ocean.
Major tributaries: Chifumage River, Luena River, Kabompo River, Lungwebungu River, Luanginga River, Gwayi River, Sengwa River, Sanyati River, Kafue River, Luangwa River, Panhane River, Luia River.

Manipular la base de datos.

Where is the original point from which Zambezi flows? Type in the answer.

consultas, actualizarla, generar informes.

Construir la base de datos.

guardar los datos en algún medio controlado por el mismo SGBD.

Definir una base de datos.

Zambezi River flows through 6 countries and 1 republic from Africa. Type them in.

tipos, estructuras y restricciones de datos.

definicion

The Nile, which is about 6,650 km long, covers eleven countries: Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea, South Sudan, Republic of the Sudan and Egypt.

It has two major tributaries, the White Nile and the Blue Nile. The White Nile is the headwaters and primary stream of the Nile. The White Nile is longer and rises in the Great Lakes region of central Africa, with the most distant source still undetermined but located in either Rwanda or Burundi. The two rivers meet just north of the Sudanese capital of Khartoum.
The northern section of the river flows north almost entirely through the Sudanese desert to Egypt, then ends in a large delta and flows into the Mediterranean Sea.

cuando el sistema gestor de base de datos está instalado y configurado, los usuarios pueden introducir y consultar los datos.

The Nile has only 2 tributaries. Type them in.

mediante las interfaces específicas de la aplicación y el lenguaje de definición de datos correspondiente (SQL).

es una colección de programas cuyo objetivo es servir de interfaz entre la base de datos, el usuario y las aplicaciones.

This is the place where it drains into a larger body of water - another river, a lake, the sea or the ocean.
Where is the mouth of the Nile River?

La propia base de datos y el sistema gestor de base de datos

Remember that the source of a river is the original point from which the river flows. There are different types of sources: lake, marsh, spring or glacier.
Type in the Nile's source.

Un SGBD permiten definir los datos a distintos niveles de abstracción y manipularlos.
es un software que sigue un modelo de un sistema de una base de datos.

The Nile flows through 7 countries and 3 republics from Africa. Type them in.

tareas y funciones

North America
In the 18th century, the river was the primary western boundary of the young United States, and since the country's expansion westward, the Mississippi River has been widely considered a convenient dividing line between the Eastern, Southern, Midwestern United States, and the Western United States.

South America

Amazon River, the greatest river of South America and the largest drainage system in the world in terms of the volume of its flow and the area of its basin.

cualidades

Main tributaries - Marañón, Napo, Japurá/Caquetá, Rio Negro/Guainía, Putumayo, Trombetas, Ucayali, Javary, Juruá, Purús, Madeira, Tapajós, Xingu.

The Amazon and its tributaries flow through the countries of Peru, Bolivia, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Brazil before emptying into the Atlantic Ocean 6, 437 km (4,000 miles) from the Amazon's headwaters high in the Andes mountains of Peru.

desventajas

The Amazon has an impressive number of tributaries - over 1000. Remember that a tributary is a stream or river that flows into and joins the main river.

Type in the names of some of Amazon's tributaries.

mayor vulnerabilidad por el hecho de centralizar los datos.

se requieren empleados cualificados.

bastante menos eficaz para el software especial.

inversión inicial relativamente elevada.

ventajas

alta seguridad.

acceso sencillo y eficaz a los datos almacenados.

integridad y consistencia de los datos.

control de acceso del usuario.

gran flexibilidad.

gestión fácil de grandes conjuntos de datos.

ACID

Its source is Lake Itasca in northern Minnesota and it flows generally south for 2,320 miles (3,730 km) to the Mississippi River Delta in the Gulf of Mexico.

The main stem is entirely within the United States. Tributaries - St. Croix River, Wisconsin River, Rock River, Illinois River, Kaskaskia River, Ohio River, Minnesota River, Des Moines River, Missouri River, White River, Arkansas River.

The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.

permanencia

The mouth of a river refers to the end of a river, the place where it drains into a larger body of water - another river, a lake, the sea or the ocean.

implica que todos los datos queden almacenados permanentemente en el SGBD.

aislamiento

The source of a river, also called headwaters, is the original point from which the river flows. There are different types of sources: lake, marsh, spring or glacier.

propiedad que asegura que las transacciones no obstaculicen a las demás.

consistencia

Try to state the length either in miles or in kilometers.

las transacciones completadas no afecten la estabilidad de la base de datos.

atomicidad o integridad

Mississippi flows through 10 different states, forming the largest delta in North America.

Type in some of these states.

todas las fases de una transacción deben finalizarse por completo y en el orden correcto.