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Network Operating Systems
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Types of Operating Systems|
Server Operating Systems
Client Operating Systems
Distributed Operating Systems
Main Functions
Examples of Operating Systems
- Windows Server - Linux Server - Unix - macOS Server - Novell NetWare - Windows, macOS, Linux (clients)
User Interface Access to Shared Resources
Resource Management (CPU, Memory, Disk)
Coordination of Processes and Tasks Security Fault Management
Common Characteristics
Network communication (protocols, services)
User and permissions management
Resource sharing (files, printers, etc.
Centralized administration
Mobile networks
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A set of technologies that enable wireless data and voice wireless voice and data communication between devices
Generations
- 1G: Analog (voice) - 2G: Digital (SMS) - 3G: Mobile data - 4G: Broadband - 5G: High speed and low latency
Technologies
- GSM: Sistema Global para Móviles - CDMA: Code Division Multiple Access - LTE: Long-Term Evolution - WiMAX: Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave - NR (5G): New Radio
Infrastructure
- Data Centers: Store and process data for the mobile network. - Towers: Structures for placing antennas at elevated heights - Antennas: Transmitters/receivers for wireless communication - Base Stations: Connection points for mobile devices
Devices
- IoT devices: Internet of Things devices that connect to the network to exchange data and perform functions. - Tablets: Portable devices with functionalities similar to smartphones, but with a larger screen. - Smartphones: Mobile devices with processing capabilities
Features
- Efficiency: Higher spectral efficiency, lower energy consumption - Connectivity: Progressive improvement, increasing number of connected devices - Capacity: Significant increase with each generation - Latency: 1G (high), 2G (improvement), 3G (100-500 ms), 4G (less than 30 ms),5G (less than 1 ms). - Speed: 1G (analog), 2G (up to 64 Kbps), 3G (several Mbps), 4G (up to 1 Gbps), 5G (several Gbps) - Speed: 1G (analog), 2G (up to 64 Kbps), 3G (several Mbps), 4G (up to 1 Gbps), 5G (several Gbps)
Examples of operating systems using different structures
Modularity
Scalability
Flexibility
Performance
Security
Characteristics of operating system structures
Linux (monolithic structure)
Windows (layered structure)
Android (microkernel structure)
macOS (client-server structure)
FreeBSD (modular structure)
CPU scheduling
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CPU scheduling is a key component in key component in operating systems, responsible for allocating systems, responsible for allocating processing resources efficiently. efficiently. It is governed by different policies and strategies that determine determine how processes are selected selected to execute
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Process Queues
Process queues are essential to organize and to organize and manage waiting processes. These queues can be classified according to the associated scheduling policy, such as the queue associated planning policy, such as ready queue, waiting queue, among others. ready queue, waiting queue, among others.
FIFO Policy (Frist In, Frist Out)
The FIFO policy follows the principle that the first process to arrive is the first to be executed. It is simple but can generate "convoy effect" and does not consider the duration of the processes.
SJF (Shortest Job First) Policy
The SJF policy selects the process with the shortest execution time. It can be non-preemptive or preemptive, depending on the situation. the situation
Planning Policies
Planning policies define the rules for selecting which process will be executed and when. Some of the most common policies are FIFO, SJF, Round Robin, Priority, Multilevel and Feedback, Priority, Multilevel and Feedback.
PolicyRound Robin
The Round Robin policy assigns a quantum of time to each process in a circular cycle. It is fair, but can generate latency for short or long | | processes. short or long processes.
priority policy
The priority policy assigns priorities to processes and priorities to the processes and runs those with the highest priority first. priority first. It can be proportional or non-proportional.
Policy Multinivel
The multilevel policy organizes processes in several queues with different priorities. Processes can move between queues based on their behavior. based on their behavior.
Feedback Policy
Feedback policy dynamically adjusts the quantum of time based on past performance of the process. | | Provides balance between short and long processes
Functions of operating system structures
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Facilitate the development and maintenance of the operating system
Communication between operating system components
Organization and resource management
Types of operating system structures
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Microkernel structure
Advantages and disadvantages of the microkernel structure
Description of the microkernel structure
Modular structure
Advantages and disadvantages of the modular structure
Description of the modular structure
Client-server structure
Advantages and disadvantages of the client-server structure
Description of the client-server structure
Layered structure
Advantages and disadvantages of the layered structure
Description of the layered structure
Monolithic structure
Description of the monolithic structure
Advantages and disadvantages of the monolithic structure
Definition of operating system structures
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Importance of structures in operating systems
Concept of structure in operating systems
