Catégories : Tous - output - input - terminology - processing

par Koraw Koraw Il y a 11 années

381

CSC101-Knowledge Base

The material introduces the fundamental concepts of computers, including their operation, terminology, and historical development. It outlines the various types of computers currently in use and discusses their societal impacts and integration into everyday life.

CSC101-Knowledge Base

CSC 101 Knowledge Base- Koraw

The World is Flat By Thomas Friedman

Flatteners
Flatteners 4, 5 and 6
Flatteners 8, 9 and 10

Chapter 4- Input and Output

• This chapter covers:

– Different types of keyboards and pointing devices

– Types of scanners, readers, and digital cameras

– Audio input devices

– Types of display devices and how they work

– Types of printers and how they work

– Audio output

Audio Output

• Audio output: Output in the form of voice, music, and

other audible sounds

– Speakers

– Headphones and headsets

– Earphones and earbuds

Printers

• Printer characteristics

– Printing technology used

• Impact vs. nonimpact

– Color vs. black and white

– Personal vs. network printers

– Print resolution (measured in dpi)

– Print speed (measured in pages per minute (PPM))

– Connection (USB, Ethernet, Wi-Fi, etc.)

– Multifunction capabilities

• Laser printer: Uses toner powder and technology similar to that of a photocopier to produce images on paper

• Ink-jet printer: Sprays droplets of ink to produce images on paper

• Photo printers

• Barcode, label,

and postage

printers

• Portable

printers

• Plotters and

wide-format

ink-jet printers

• 3-D printers

Display Devices

Display Characteristics

• Color vs. monochrome

• CRT vs. flat-panel displays

• Size and aspect ratio

• Screen resolution

• Video adapters, interfaces,

and ports

• Wired vs. wireless displays

• 2D vs. 3D

• Touch and gesture capabilities

• Resolution and Aspect Ratio.

Flat-Panel Display Technology

• Liquid crystal displays (LCDs): Use charged liquid

crystals between sheets of glass or plastic

– Requires backlighting

• LED (Light emitting diode): Used in displays as well as a variety of consumer products

• OLED (Organic Light emitting diode) – Uses layers of

organic material

• Interferometric modulator displays (IMOD): Essentially a complex mirror that uses external light to display images

• Plasma displays: Use layers of gas to display images

• Surface-conduction electron-emitter displays (SED):

Millions of tiny electron guns, similar to CRT

Data and multimedia Projectors

• Data projector: Display device that projects all computer output to a wall or projection screen

Audio Input

• Audio input: The process of entering audio data into

the computer

• Voice input: Inputting spoken words and converting

them to digital form

Scanners,Readers, and digital Cameras

• Source documents: Documents containing data that

already exists in physical form (order form, photograph,

invoice, check, or price label)

• Source data automation: Capturing data directly from a

source document

• Scanner (optical scanner): Input device that captures an

image of an object and transfers them to a computer in

digital form

• Barcode readers: Input devices that read barcodes

• Barcode: Machine-readable code that represents data as a set of bars

• Radio frequency identification (RFID): Technology used to store and transmit data located in RFID tags

• Optical mark readers (OMRs): Input data from special

forms to score or tally exams, questionnaires, ballots

• Optical character recognition (OCR): The ability of a

computer to recognize scanned text characters and

convert them to electronic form as text, not images

• Magnetic ink character recognition (MICR) readers:

Read MICR characters

• Biometric readers: Used to input biometric data

• Digital cameras: Record images on digital storage

medium rather than film

Pointers and Touch Devoces

• Keyboard: An input device used to enter characters at

the location marked by the insertion point or cursor

– Can be wired or wireless

• Pointing devices: Used to select and manipulate objects

– Used to input data

– Used to issue commands to the computer

• Mouse: A common pointing device that

the user slides along a flat surface to

move a pointer around the screen and

clicks its buttons to make selections

• Stylus: Pen-like device used to draw or write

electronically on the screen

• Also called digital pen, electronic pen, tablet pen

• Digital form: Used to input handwritten data into the computer and then convert it to editable text

• Touch screen: Display device that is touched with the

finger to select commands or otherwise provide input to

the computer

• Other pointing devices:

– Joysticks, gamepads, and other gaming devices

– Trackballs

– Buttons and wheels

– Touch pads

Chapter 3- Storage

This chapter covers:

– Common characteristics of storage systems

– Primary storage for most personal computers, the

hard drive

– Optical disc systems; how they work and the various

types

– Flash memory systems and how they work

– Other types of storage systems

– Storage alternatives for personal computers

Evaluating Your Storage Alternative

• Factors to consider:

– Speed

– Compatibility

– Storage capacity

– Convenience

– Portability

• Most users require:

– Hard drive

– CD or DVD drive

– Flash memory card reader

– USB port connecting USB devices

Other Types of Storage System

• Remote storage: Using a storage device not directly a

part of the computer being used

• Smart card: Credit card-sized piece of plastic that

contains some computer circuitry (processor, memory,

and storage)

• Holographic storage: Store data as holograms

• Storage server: Hardware device containing multiple

high-speed hard drives

• Businesses have to store tremendous amounts of data

– Business data

– Employee andcustomer data

– E-discovery data

• RAID (redundant arrays of independent discs): Method

of storing data on two or more hard drives that work

together to do the job of a larger drive

• Magnetic tape: Plastic tape with a magnetizable surface

that stores data as a series of magnetic spots

Flash Memory

• Chip-based storage medium

• Most often found in the form of:

– Flash memory cards

– USB flash drives

– Solid-state drives

– Hybrid hard drives

• Flash memory card: A small card containing one or more

flash memory chips, controller chips, and metal contacts

to connect the card to the device or reader that it is being

used with

• USB flash drives: Consist of flash memory media and a reader in a single self-contained unit

Optical Discs

• Optical discs: store data optically (using laser beams)

– Divided into sectors like magnetic discs but use a

single spiral track (groove)

– Data is stored in 0s and 1s

• Pits and lands are used to represent 1s and 0s, the

transition between a pit and a land represents a 1; no

transition represents a 0

• Optical drives: Designed for type of disc: CD, DVD, or

Blu-Ray Disc (BD)

-Burning: Recording data onto disc

Hard Drives

• Hard drive: Used to store most programs and data

– Can be internal and external

– Can be encrypted

• Magnetic hard drives

– Use metal hard disks

– Read/write heads magnetize particles to represent

the data’s 0s and 1s

• Solid-state drives (SSDs)

– Use flash memory technology

– Use less power and have no moving parts

Storage System Chacteristics

• Consist of a storage device and a storage medium\• Can be internal, external, or remote

• Are nonvolatile

• Usually use random access; can be sequential

• Logical file representation: The user’s view of the way

data is stored

• Physical file representation: The actual physical way the

data is stored on the storage media as viewed by the

computer

• Storage technologies

Random and Sequential Access

Sequential file access is the method employed in tape drives where the files are access in a sequential manner. So if you have to get a file in the end of the tape you have to start from the beginning till it reaches the beginning of the files...

Random access is similar to the one in Hard Disks and Optical drives, wherever the files is placed it will go to that particular place and retrieve it.

Sequential file will be stored in a continuous memory locations. But Random Access files will be splitted in to pieces and will be stored whereever spaces available.

Chapter 2- System Unit: Processing and Memory

This chapter covers:

– How computers represent data and program

instructions

– How the CPU, memory, and other components

located inside the system unit are arranged, as well

as the characteristics of the components

– How the CPU performs processing tasks

– Strategies to speed up a computer today and to

create faster computers in the future

Making Computers Faster and Better Now and in the Future
How the CPU Works
Inside the System Unit
Data and Program Representation

Chapter 1- Introduction to Computers

This chapter covers:

– What computers are, how they work, and how they

are used

– Computer terminology

– An overview of the history of computers

– The basic types of computers in use today

– An overview of networks and the Internet

– Societal impacts of computers

Computer and Society
Computer Networks and the Internet
Computers to Fit Every Need
What is a Computer and What Does It Do?
Computers in Your Life