INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY

Plus de détails

Retinoblastoma

par Ellis Clayton

DMD Gene (Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy gene)

par Jasmine Jing

Transport in Plants

par Chong Yoke Lin

Plant Parts and Functions

par Zheng Kang

Chapter 8: Energy and Enzymes

INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY

Chapter 11: Cell signaling & Signal transduction

"Signal transduction pathway"

Response

Signal Transduction

Cell Communcation

Chapter 6: Eukaroyotic Cells

Differenentiate betwwen Animal and plant cells

Internal membranes and compartmentalization

Types of Microscopes

Chap 25&27: Chemical evlution and Prokayotic cells

Peripheral & Integral Membrane Proteins

Membrane Fluidity

Oparin's Bubble Hypothesis

Chap4&5: Biological molecules

Amino acids and Proteins

Nucleosides and Nucloetide

DNA and synthesis of MRNA

Primary, seconday, Tertiary, Quaternary

Dehydration synthesis

Acidic/basic polar heads

Amino acid structure, Building blocks

Carbohydrates and Lipids

saturated/unsaturated fatty acid

Triglyceride--Phospholipids

Human(glycogen), Plants(starch), Cellulose

sugar-sucrose

startch/glucose

Amylose/Amylopectin

Carbon and Molecular diversity

four ways that carbon skelton can vary

presence of rings

Position of double bonds

Branch/unbranched

Subtopic

Length

Functional groups For ex. carboxyl

Isomers

Chap2&3: Chemistry for Biology

Bonds and water

Polar , Non Polar, Covalent, Ionic bonds

Polarity Of water

Atomic Mass, Atomic #

Four emergent properties of water

Chap1: Biological Hierachy

System, emergent properties, Reductionism

Domains and KIngdoms

Atoms

Levels of Biological Organization

Communities

Population

Organism

Organs

Tissues

Cells

Molecule

Chapter 16: DNA Replication, discovery as a genetic material.

ORIGINS of Replication, replication fork, SSB, Topoisomerase, DNA Pl I & III

Griffith, Avery, Mccleod&MCcarthy, Hershey&Chase

Chapter 17: Transcription/Translation

Protein targeting

Exons/Introns/Splicing

Template/Coding strand

Central Dogma

Chapter 17: Mutations and Repair

Spontaneous mutations.

Frameshift mutation

Nonsense mutation

missense mutation

Nucleotide pair substitution

Chapter 18: Gene Regulation

Positive: Glucose Effect

Negative: Repressible and Inducible Operons

Trp and LAC operons

Operons

Chapter 9: Respiration

Electron transport and Chemiosmosis

Krebs Cycle

Oxidation and Reduction

Chap 10: Photosynthesis

Cyclic Electron Flow

Absorption Spectrum

Dark and light Reactions

Redox Process

Sites of Photosyntheis in plants

Chap 18: Recombinant DNA

Sticky ends

Recongnition and marker ganes.

Bacteria Plasmid

Restriction endonuclease

Gene Cloning

Chap 12: Cell Cycle and regulation.

Cytokinesis

Telophase

Anaphase

Metaphase

Prometaphase

Prophase