Landscapes

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SOIL

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par Kidde Norin Karila Norin Karila

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par Subi Siddiqui

Unit 1 - Science 6-8

par Sasha Kanamine

Landscapes

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Aquatic landscapes

This is the form of gradual natural destruction from either wind and/or water (weathering). Spits, sand dunes, lagoons, sand bars, sea islands are all landforms formed by "deposition". ... Waterfalls and lakes are in-land landforms that can be carried to the coast by rivers then out to sea through estuaries

Aquatic landscapes cover around three-quarters of the Earth and can be classified as freshwater or marine. Marine landscapes are the saltwater regions of the world, and include oceans and coral reefs. Freshwater landscapes are found on land, and include lakes, rivers and wetlands.

Karst landscapes

Examples include lava caves and granite tors—for example, Labertouche Cave in Victoria, Australia—and paleocollapse features. Mud Caves are an example of pseudokarst.

Karst landscapes form when mildly acidic water flows over soluble rock such as limestone. Small fractures form, which increase in size over time and lead to underground drainage systems developing. Common landforms include limestone pavements, disappearing rivers, reappearing springs, sinkholes, caves and karst mountains. Around 25 per cent of the world’s population obtains water from karst aquifers

Deserts

Gobi Desert - The Gobi Desert is a vast, arid region in northern China and southern Mongolia

Sahara Desert - The Sahara is a desert located on the African continent. With an area of 9,200,000 square kilometres,

Deserts are areas of low rainfall; they are an arid or dry environment. They can experience temperature extremes: hot by day and freezing at night. However, not all deserts are hot. Antarctica is the world’s largest desert, and the Gobi Desert, located on a high plateau in Asia, is also a cold desert.

Mountains

Mount Kilimanjaro - is a dormant volcano in Tanzania. It has three volcanic cones: Kibo, Mawenzi and Shira. It is the highest mountain in Africa

Mountains rise above the surrounding landscape. They often have steep sides and high peaks and are the result of processes operating deep inside the Earth. Some reach high into the atmosphere where it is so cold that snow is found on their peaks.

Human landscapes

Human or built landscapes are those that have been altered or created by humans

Islands

Islands are areas of land that are completely surrounded by water. They can be continental or oceanic. Continental islands lie on a continental shelf — an extension of a continent that is submerged beneath the sea. Oceanic islands rise from the ocean floor and are generally volcanic in origin. A group or chain of islands is known as an archipelago.

Rainforest

Bosawas Biosphere Reserve - The Bosawás Biosphere Reserve in the northern part of state Jinotega, Nicaragua is a hilly tropical forest designated in 1997 as a UNESCO biosphere reserve.-

Amazon Rainforest - The Amazon rainforest, covering much of northwestern Brazil and extending into Colombia, Peru and other South American countries, is the world’s largest tropical rainforest,

Rainforests are the most diverse landscapes on Earth. They are found in a variety of climates, ranging from the hot wet tropics to the cooler temperate areas. The lush vegetation found in these regions depends on a high level of rainfall. Over 50 per cent of all known plant and animal species are found within them. In addition, many of our foods and medicines come from rainforests.

Grasslands

Tropical grasslands can be found in Australia, India, Africa, and South America. They surround tropical forests. Tropical grasslands can also be found in North America

Grasslands, or savannas, are sometimes seen as a transitional landscape found between forests and deserts. They contain grasses of varying heights and coarseness, and small or widely spaced trees. They are often inhabited by grazing animals.

Polar

Polar region, area around the North Pole or the South Pole. The northern polar region consists mainly of floating and pack ice, 7–10 feet (2–3 m) thick, floating on the Arctic Ocean and surrounded by land masses.

Polar regions and tundra can be found in polar and alpine regions. Characterised by permafrost, they are too cold for trees to grow. Vegetation such as dwarf shrubs, grasses and lichens have adapted to the extreme cold and short growing season. Glaciers often carve spectacular landscape features.