Malignant Hyperthermia

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par Alan Crooks

Malignant Hyperthermia

Risk Factors

Positive Genetic Tests

History of event thought to be Malignant Hyperthermia

Family History of Malignant Hyperthermia

Pathology

exposure to volatile inhaled anesthetic agents

Primarily involves skelatal muscle tissue

uncontrolled rise of mycoplastmic calcium which activates a biochemical process related to muscle activation

Nursing Interventions

Insert indwelling urinary catheter to monitor output & for myoglobinuria

Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat dysrhythmias

Apply cooling blanket and ice

Administer 100% O2 & gather specimens for ABG & blood to monitor for hypokalemia

Assist w/ termination of surgery & administer IV Dalantrene muscle relaxant. Infuse iced IV 0.9% sodium chloride

Medications

Antipyretics

IV Dantrolene

Signs/Symptoms

Increased muscle contractions

Tachycardia, Hypertension

Increased Heart rate

increasing temperature sometimes as high as 107 F

Hypertensive crisis

dysrhythmias, muscle rigidity

Increased Carbon Dioxide, decreased oxygen saturation level

Sudden elevated temperature