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Serotonin

STRUCTURE:

• A monoamine neurotransmitter derived from tryptophan#
• **add structure/ SAR here

FUNCTION:

-         play a role in regulation of mood, sleep and cognition and memory

Serotonin signalling

Schizophrenia

PATHYPHYSIOLOGY OF SCHIZOPHRENIA: the serotonin hypothesis

-         The DOPAMINE hypothesis

-          The SEROTONIN hypothesis

-         The GLUTAMATE hypothesis

-         The CANNABINOID hypothesis

The Serotonin hypothesis in schizophrenia attributes the negative symptoms of the disease to an overload of serotonin. These increased levels of serotonin reduce dopamine transmission in the forebrain, which is thought to cause negative symptoms.

Atypical neuroleptics target these negative symptoms by blocking this extra serotonin.

Treated with DOPAMINE ANTAGONISTS

The Enteric Nervous System

Release of Serotonin in response to Cholera toxin

Drugs which target serotonin

MAOI

MECHANISM: increase serotonin, but also increase DOPAMINE at the synapse

Parkinson's disease

SSRIs

Mechanism: SSRIs block SERT Transporters to increase serotonin in the synapse

examples of SSRIs

Chemistry: The delayed therapeutic effect

SSNRI

dual selectivity for serotonin/norepinephrine

• duloxetine
• venlafaxine
• milnacipran

Depression

Pathophysiology of Depression- The role of serotonin

The patient's experience: Counselling points - Starting SSRIs = two week lead time for a notable improvement