Kategóriák: Minden - memory - cognitive - social - metacognitive

a Ahmad Razki Sedi 6 éve

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3 Ways of Categorizing LLS

Language learning strategies (LLS) can be categorized into various approaches that enhance the acquisition and application of language skills. The direct strategies involve memory techniques, which include creating mental linkages and employing actions to review and recall information effectively.

3 Ways of Categorizing LLS

3 Ways of Categorizing LLS

Oxford (1990)

b) Indirect Strategies
3) Social Strategies

Empathising with others

Cooperating with others

Asking questions

2) Affective Strategies

Taking your emotional temperature

Encouraging yourself

Lowering your anxiety

1) Metacognitive Strategies

Evaluating your learning

Arranging and planning your learning

Centering your learning

a) Direct Strategies
iii) Compensation Strategies

Overcoming limitations in speaking and writing

Guessing intelligently

ii) Cognitive Strategies

Creating structures for input and output

Analyzing and reasoning

Receiving and sending messages

Practising

i) Memory Strategies

Employing actions

Reviewing well

Applying images and sounds

Creating mental linkages

Rubin (1981)

b) Processes that contribute indirectly to learning
Production tricks
Creates opportunities for practice
a) Strategies that directly affect learning
Practice
Deductive reasoning
Guessing/ inductive inferencing
Memorization
Monitoring
Clarification/ verification

O' Malley et al. (1985)

c) Social-affective Strategies
Questions for clarification
Cooperation
b) Cognitive Strategies
Inferencing
Transfer
Elaboration
Contextualization
Key word
Audio representation
Imagery
Recombination
Deduction
Note taking
Grouping
Translation
Resourcing
Repetition
a) Metacognitive Strategies
Self evaluation
Delayed production
Self monitoring
Functional planning
Self-management
Selective attention
Directed attention
Advanced organisers