Antinatalist Policy

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China's Anti-natalist Policy

One-Child Policy

Families who do not follow it are penalized

Less governmental assistance

Loss of employment

Fines

Families who follow it are rewarded

Preferential governmental treatment

Better education

Higher wages

Families are only permitted to have one child

Many exceptions to this:

Only-child parents

Birth defects in child

Ethnic minorities

Rural families

Created in 1978 by Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping

Successes

The population growth has slowed from 2.61% to 0.65%

Chinese government has stated the policy has prevented 400 million births

Experts argue that fertility rate is anywhere between 1.5-1.8 (below replacement level)

Was at 2.7 in 1978

Current/Future Implications

There may be a shortage of workers

China now plans to change one-child policy to two-child policy

The population is still growing at this point

Estimated peak population of 1.46 billion people by 2030

There is a very large ageing population

People will face the 4-2-1 phenomenon in the future

An only child must take care of 4 grandparents and two parents

Males may have difficulties finding mates due to sex ratio

By 2050, their population growth rate will be -0.5%

Situation Before Policy

It was not uncommon to see families with 4 or 5 children

Chairman Mao viewed a fast-growing population as a productive force necessary for China to become a great power

China therefore was even pro-natalist in the past

His successor, Deng Xiaoping, disagreed

Population of about 972 million in 1978

Problems

Impedes on the human right of freedom of choice

Critics argue that the drop in fertility rate was not only due to one-child policy

The fertility rate was 5.8 in 1970

The drop to 2.7 was due to China encouraging:

Fewer children

Longer interval between children

Later marriages

Sex ratio of 113 boys to 100 girls

May be due to sex-selective:

Infanticide

Abandonment

Neglect

Abortion