Kategóriák: Minden - arthropods - chordata

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Biology mindmap

Various groups and species exhibit unique biological traits that enable them to thrive in diverse environments. Chordates, for instance, include species with well-developed brains and endoskeletons made of cartilage or bone.

Biology mindmap

Floating topic

spores: unicellular seeds: multicellular gametophyte

similar to bacteria because; unicellular, no organelles. They are diff. because they have more complex RNA

vascular have specialized tissue and use phylum and xylem. xylem brings water and minerals and water from roots to rest of the plant. phloem flows larger molecules and sugar

- Vascular plant - Seeds in cone structure

cuticle allow to proliferate on land using xylem, phloem, cuticle and roots and stomata (gas control)

Aerobic organisms (require oxygen)

These protists are autotrophs like plants reproduce

Share many common characteristics

- Heterotrophic or autotrophic organism - can cause disease or benefit organisms

- radially symmetrical - have a nerve net and one body opening

- Radial symmetry - duplicate set of various internal organs

- Often referred to as sponges - Aquatic species only - Sexual or Asexual reproduction

- presence of an internal or external shell - Muscular foot - Bilateral symettry

- Aquatic climate - nervous system

- Simple Digestive System - pseudocoeloms (no full body cavities)

- No body cavity - 3 tissue layers - bilaterally symmetrical

-Body possesses a through gut with an anus - Has no circulatory or respiratory organs - Aquatic environments

Representative Species: Flatworm

- gill pouches (slits) - notochord - dorsal nerve cord (Corals)

- aquatic areas - evolved to have gills (fish)

- Well developed brain - endoskeleton is cartilage or bone

Chordata covers a variety of subphylum

- notochord - dorsal hollow nerve cord - pharyngeal slits - Post anal tail

- Three body segments

- hard exoskeleton - jointed legs

- jointed appendages - hardened exoskeleton

- Six pairs of appendages

- A hard exoskeleton made of calcium - Two pairs of antennae

Arthropods cover a wide variety of subphyla

- Exoskeleton - Segmented Bodies - Jointed Appendages - Bilateral Symmetry - Open Circulatory System

- Eukaryotes - Multicellular - Heterotrophic

moves via flagella

Moves via flagella

Tends to follow light and moves via flagella

Move slowly via pseudopods

Uses cilia to move around

Move via flagella

Move via Flagella or pseudopods

Forms Symbiotic relationship with some plants and roots to benefit both parties

- Single or multicellular

- Produce own food - Photosynthetic

- Consumers - Obtain energy by feeding off other animals/ plants

- Use digestive enzymes to break down/consume nutrients

Human impact

- Live in extremely cold environments

- Extremely hot environments

- Low oxygen environments - Digestive tracts of some animals

- Unicellular - Spores

- Simplest land plant - Reproduce in wet and moist conditions

- Produces flowers - Seeds enclosed within ovary

- Multicellular - Photosynthetic - Membrane bound organelles

Human Influence

Beneficial: Many bacteria are decomposers of producers and recycle certain nutrients. This makes them a vital part of biochemical processes in our body

Harmful: Eubacteria is known for its negative effect on the human body. These pathogens are the root cause of many diseases such as strep throat and fever

Feeding strategies

- Unlike other two domains - Do not contain peptidoglycan wall - Most live in extreme environments

- Hyphae

- Develop small finger like sacs

- Multicellular - Asexual - Reproduce via zygospores

Mushrooms

- Unicellular - Aquatic Species

Fungi

Phyla

Basidiomycota
zygomycota
Black bread mold (Rhizopus stolonifer
Chirtridiomycota
Allomyces
Glomeromycota
Acaulospora
Ascomycota
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewers yeast)

- Membrane bound Organelles - Contain plasma membrane with cytoplasm - Single or multicellular

Plants

Angiosperms
Dicot
Monocot
Dicotyledon
Gymnosperms
Conifers
Seedless Vascular
Coccus (spherical)

Staphylococcus

Ferns
Bryophytes
Moss

- Lack Membrane bound Organelles - Contain cytoplasm, ribosomes, genetic material - Single celled organisms

Eukaryote

Animals

Echinodermata
Representative species: Starfish
Chordata

Urochordata

Cephalochordate

vertebrates

Classes

Class Mammalia - hair - sweat glands - temperature regulation

Orders

Chiroptera

Representative species: Bat

carnivore - is an animal or plant that eats the flesh of animals

Representative Species: Lion

Primates - well developed hands and feet, with fingers and toes

Representative species: Gorilas

Placental - majority mammals - Substances sent to fetus to grow in womb - Superior to Marsupials because the babies are more developed when given birth to

Marsupials - Give birth to fetal underdeveloped babies - Superior to Monotremes because marsupials are more likely to survive as they are not in fragile eggs

Monotremes - oviparous (egg-laying)

Representative species: Koalas

Class Aves - Warm blooded

Representative species: Hummingbird

Class Reptilia - are cold blooded - can regulate body temp

Representative species: Chameleon

Class Amphibia - Cold-bloded - spend time on land and water

Representative species Frog

Class Osteichthyes - mouth with many teeth - some without scales - bony

Representative species: bony fish

Class Chondrichthyes - fins - cartilage

Representative species: sharks

Class Agnatha - jawless

Representative species: lampreys

Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
Representative species: Ascaridida
Annelida
Representative species: earthworm
Mollusca
Representative species: Snail
Rotifera
Representative Species: Eurotatoria
Arthropoda
Subphyla

Myriapoda

Representative species

Hexapoda

Representative species: butterfly

Arachnid

Representative species: Spider

Chelicerata

Representative Species: sea spiders

Crustacean

Representative species: Crab

Cnidaria
Representative species: Jellyfish
Prorifera
Representative species: Demosponge

Protista

some protists cause diseases such as malaria
- Live in a extreme conditions - Aquatic or moist areas - Reproduce Asexually and sexually
3 Major Groupings
Saprotrophic (Fungi like)

Oomycota

Myxomycota

Heterotrophic (Animal like)

Rhizopoda

Ciliophora

Autotrophic (Plant like)

Phyla examples

pyrrophyta

Chlorophyta

Chrysophyta

Euglenophyta

Prokaryote

Archaea

Representative Species
Psychrophiles
Extreme Thermophiles
Methanogens

Eubacteria

3 Major morphologies
Spirala (Spiral shaped)

borrelia

Bacillus (Rod shaped)

Bacillus coagulans

Common Ancestor