Kategóriák: Minden - mutation - environment - genetics - smoking

a Victor Nguyen 7 hónapja

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Factors that lead to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Key genetic contributors include the SERPINA1 gene, where a variant known as the *

Factors that lead to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Molecular and Cellular Biology

Human Health

Biodiversity and the Environment

Factors that lead to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

facilitated by

Environmental factors
Extreme weather changes

Increases and decreases in temperature

result in

Huge spikes of heat patterns and intense heat exposure

leads to

Lifestyle
Poor diet

High intake of processed red meat

increases risk factors

Low intake of fruits and vegetables

less source of anti-inflammatory dietary components

that also

reduces levels of antioxidants

that can fight off

contributes to the

Working in the construction industry

Exposure to large amount of dust

Causes

Damage in alveoli

weakened/loss of lung function

decrease overall human health

Smoking

releases

harmful oxidant fumes

air pollution

can contribute to

global warming

promotes

induces

increase level of cytokines

inflammation of the lungs

activation of macrophages

excess production of proteases

Breakdown of connective tissue in lungs (Emphysema)

activation of neutrophils

Genetic factors
Coding variant in the genes of telomerase (telomere enzyme) pathway

that causes a

Genetic mutation

leads to

Telomere shortening

Increase risk of

which increases the risk of

in which

telomere are important for genetic information and is required for every cell division process)

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AAT)

encoded by

SERPINA1 gene

Variant causes

Homozygosity (inherited 2 identical forms of the gene) for SERPINA1 *Z allele (inherited 2 identical forms of the gene)

affects

Coding region

single base pair change of SERPINA1 gene

results in

substitution of a single amino acid that causes AAT polymers (proteins) to form in the hepatocytes

which is a

gene that protects the alveoli of the lung

causes

major plasma inhibitor for enzyme leukocyte elastase

located in

azurophil granules of neutrophils