Gram (-)

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B3: Herpes

Szerző: R G

Rubella

Szerző: Leia Brown

Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Szerző: Kara Whitcomb

B4: Parasitology Clinical Samples

Szerző: R G

Block 2

Obligate Intracellular Parasite

Chlamydia

Life-cycle

RB

EB

Preventable Blindness

STD in U.S.

C. pneumoniae

C. psittaci

C. trachomatis

Urethritis

Reiter's syndrome

Reactive arthritis

Painful urination

Cervical infection

Asymptomatic

Infants

Pneumonia

Conjunctivitis

Fallopian Tube

P.I.E.

Ectopic Pregnancy

Infertility

PID

Increased HIV susceptibility

Anaerobes

Gas in tissues

Gas usually located near a mucosal surface

Foul smelling discharge

From the short-chain fatty acids

Cocci

Veillonella

Anaerobic streptococcus

Peptostreptococcus

Gram (-)

Pigmented

Gram (+)

Clostridium

C. botulinum

Botulism

Weakness of UE

Blurred vision

Nausea

Epi

Honey

Improperly canned veggies

Spores are ingested.

C. tetani

Tetanus

Trismus

Lockjaw

C. perfringens

Wound infections

Most common cause of wound infections among the clostridium species.

Gas gangrene

C. difficile

Soil

GI

CCF agar

CCFA = cycloserine-cefoxitin-fructose agar

Compare to Campylobacter jejuni.

Toxin test

Gold standard for diagnosis

Pseudomembranous colitis

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea

Coccobacilli

Whooping Cough

Subtopic

Legionella

Haemophilus

H. influenzae

Francisella

F. tularensis

Bordetella pertussis

Toxins

Dermonecrotic toxin

Tracheal cytotoxin

ciliostasis

Adenylate cyclase / hemolysin

Adhesins

Ptx

Pertussis toxin

Fha

Filamentous hemagglutinin

Nonenteric

Endotoxin

Diplococci

Neisseria

Virulence

IgA protease

prevents opsonization

LOS

Motility

Species

Petechiae on trunk/appendages

N. gonorrheae

Antiphagocytic capsule

RMP

protects other surface antigens from bacteriocidal Ab

Phase Variation

allows escape from humoral immune responses.

Opa

invasion

Pilin

initial attachment

Por

intracellular survival

inhibits phagolysosomal fusion

Women

Men

N. meningitidis

Attachment pili

Antiphagocytic polysacc capsule

W135

Y

C

B

No Vaccine!

A

Bacilli

Non-enteric

"Fruity aroma"

P. aeruginosa

Enteric

Cyto Oxidase

Halophilic

Is it halophilic?

Is it a facultative anaerobe?

Does it ferment carbs?

Urease

Does it have the enzyme urease?

Does it lead to type B gastritis?

Does it cause duodenal ulcers?

Campylobacter

Different from Vibrios because:

1) Microaerophilic

2) Resistant to many antibiotics

3) Very small

4) No carb metabolism

5) Not halophilic

Antibiotics

Metabolism

DNA % G+C ratio

Oxidase

Carbohydrates

Motile

Comma-shaped

Very small

Microaerophilic

C. fetus

Systemic bacteremia

Often fatal

Rare

Immunocompromised

C. jejuni

Thermophilic

Treatment

Erythromycin

Children

Ciprofloxacin

Adults

Self-limiting

Oral rehydration

Epidemiology

Endemic worldwide

Summer / Early fall

Poorly cooked food

Milk

Meats

Chicken

Clinical

Sequelae

Guillain-Barre syndrome

Acute demyelinating disease of the PNS

Symptoms

10+ bowel movements per day

Fecal leukocytes

Bloody stool

H. Pylori

Vibrio

V. alginolyticus

V. vulnificus

V. parahaemolyticus

V. cholereae

Enterobacteriaeceae

Organisms

Yersinia

Virulence Factors

Yops

YopM

prevents platelet aggregation by interacting with thrombin

YopE

YopH

Plague

Pneumonic

Bubonic

Bubo

Swollen lymph node

Endemic in Southwestern U.S.

Zoonotic

Rats

Fleas

Klebsiella

Salmonella

Shigella

E. Coli

Characteristics

Catalase

Spores