Am.s and Nat. Ams Seek Equality 23.1
Indian Edu. Act (1972)Indian Self-Determination and Edu Assistance Act (1975)
gave tribes greater control over own affairs and edu. of children
Trail of Broken Treaties
pushed for end of Bureau of Ind. Affairs (BIA)
pushed for restoration of 110 mill acres of land to Nat. Am
protested US Gov'ts treaty's violations
1825"Permanent Indian Country//Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851//Treaty of 1868
1972 march on Wash. DC l
led by AIM leader Russel Means
Am. Indian Movement
begun in Minneapolis as self-defense group against police brutality
branched out to N and W Nat. Am. pop.
1968 frequently militant org. to work for Nat. Am rights
Declarations of Ind. Purpose
stressed Nat. Am determination to choose their way of life
1961, 67 rep from Nat Am groups met in Chicago
Nat. Ams
death rate twice as high & life span shorter
more likely to have tuberculosis & alcoholism
due to poor living conditions & foreign disease
Mex. Am. Pol. Assoc.(MAPA)
1962, helped elect LA pol. Edward Roybal to House of Rep.
Henry Gonzalez- 1st
2nd Mex. Am to serve in Conress
lobbied for legislation that benefited the Lat. community
Sponsored: candidates, registered and edu. voters
Reies Tijerina
helped reclaim US land taken from Mex. landholders in 19th century
founded Alianza Fed. de Mercedes (Fed. Alliance of Land Grants)
La Rada Unida
won positions on school boards, city councils, & several races for mayor
ran Lat. candidates in 5 states
Latino pol. org. founded 1970 by Jose Angel Gutierrez
"Brown Power"
Chicanos- Mex. pride
E.LA -organized student walkouts in high schools
programs to reduce Latino dropout rate
more Chicano teachers and admin.
smaller classes
demanded:
Brown Berets- group formed by David Sanchez
inspired by Mex. CA farm workers
Cesar Chavez
Mex. union leader
La Causa
Chavez's strategy: cause of social and econ. justice for farm workers
inspired by Jessie Lopez de la Cruz's speech
1962, with Dolores Huerta, estab. Nat. Farmer's Assoc.
made 1966 to seek higher wages and better working conditions for Mex. Am farmers in CA
United Farm Worker's Organizing Committee (UFNWC)
later merged NFA w/Filipino union to form:
believed in uniting farm workers to bargain for improved conditions and better treatment
