Agriculture & Environment

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Environmental Issues

Environmental Factors

SOIL

Soil profile

Topography

Fertility is important

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Consist 6 layers called horizon

Soil formation

Erosion

movement of soil from one area to another

Weathering

processes that break down rocks and minerals and the first step in soil formation

biological

chemical

physical

Parent material

solid rock

bedrock

Complex mixture of organic and inorganic components

WATER

Average annual rainfall in Southern peninsular Malaysia : >3000mm

Good drainage reduces the dangers of waterlogging

CLIMATE

Desert

Agriculture possible with sufficient irrigation

In night : Temperature very low

In day : Temperature very high

Vegetation very sparse

Little precipitation

Tundra

Types of Tundra

Alpine tundra

Antarctic tundra

Arctic tundra

Crops or livestock hardly grown or raised

Short growing season of vegetation

Dominant vegetation

Mosses

Grasses

Lichens

Little water due to sunshine and freezing

Long, cold dark winter

Very low temperature (below 0 degree celcius)

Treeless land

Temperate

Temperature can be different from summer to winter

4 seasons

Autumn

Winter

Spring

Summer

Weather not extreme but changeable

Neither too wet nor too dry

Neither too warm nor too cold

Tropics

Crops

Sugarcane

Coconuts

Cocoa

Oil palm

Rubber

Paddy

Hot, wet tropical areas

Many agricultural activities

Lot of rainfall

High temperature