Matter

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Matter

gasses

Gases, like oxygen, carbon dioxide, and helium, have neither a fixed shape nor a fixed volume because their particles are far apart and move freely in all directions.

liquids

Liquids, like water, oil, and milk, have a fixed volume but take the shape of their container because their particles are loosely packed and can move past each other.

solids

Solids, like wood, metal, and ice, have a fixed shape and volume because their particles are tightly packed together and only vibrate in place.

particle theory

The particle theory states that all matter is made up of tiny particles that are constantly moving, and their arrangement and movement determine whether a substance is a solid, liquid, or gas.

pure substances

elements

Elements, like oxygen, gold, and hydrogen, are pure substances made of only one type of atom and cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.

componds

compounds, like water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), are pure substances made of two or more different elements chemically bonded together.

ways to seprate mixtures

Magnetism

Magnetism separates magnetic materials from non-magnetic ones, like removing iron filings from sand using a magnet.

Distillation

Distillation separates liquids by boiling one into vapor and condensing it back into a liquid, like purifying water from saltwater.

evaporation

Evaporation is a method of separating a dissolved solid from a liquid by heating the mixture until the liquid turns into vapor, leaving the solid behind, like obtaining salt from saltwater.

filtraion

Filtration is a method of separating a solid from a liquid in a heterogeneous mixture by passing it through a filter, such as using a coffee filter to remove coffee grounds from coffeee.

mixtures

solutes

A solute, like salt in saltwater, sugar in tea, or carbon dioxide in soda, is a substance that dissolves in a solvent to form a solution.

solvents

A solvent, like water in saltwater, alcohol in perfumes, or acetone is a substance that dissolves a solute to form a solution.

mechanical mixtures

A mechanical mixture, like cereal with milk, sand and gravel, or a bowl of nuts, is a type of heterogeneous mixture where the different substances remain separate and can be easily seen .

heretrogeneous

A heterogeneous mixture, like salad, trail mix, and granite, its different components are visibly distinct and not evenly distributed.

homogeneous

A homogeneous mixture, like saltwater, air, and steel, its components are evenly distributed and not easily distinguishable.