Categorie: Tutti - motor - vision - sensory - brain

da Amanda Lemmond mancano 7 anni

1350

Parts of the Brain

The human brain comprises various regions, each responsible for distinct functions and activities. The outer tissue of the brain is characterized by gyri, which are folds, and sulci, which are shallow depressions between the gyri.

Parts of the Brain

Parts of the Brain

Gyri-folds of the outer brain tissue

Sulci-shallow depressions between the gyri

Fissures-deeper grooves/furrow

Directional terms for brain anatomy

Rostral-anterior; "toward the nose"

Caudal-posterior; "toward the tail"

Brainstem

medulla oblongata
nuclei for coughing, sneezing, salivation, swallowing, gagging, and vomiting
inferior olivary nucleus

relays proprioceptive information to the cerebellum

medullary respiratory center

regulates respiratory rate

vasomotor center
cardiac center

regulates heart rate and strength of contraction

pons
superior olivary nuclei

sound localization

pontine respiratory center

works with medullary respiratory center to control skeletal muscles of breathing

midbrain
inferior colliculi

auditory reflexes

superior colliculi

visual reflexes

substantia nigra

makes dopamine (control movement, emotional response, and pleasure/pain)

Cerebellum

receives proprioceptive information and regulates body position
adjusts skeletal muscles to maintain posture and equilibrium
coordinate and fine tunes skeletal muscle movements initiated by the cerebrum

Diencephalon

hypothalamus

emotional responses
sleep and circadian rhythms
water intake
food intake
regulates body temperature
master control of the endocrine system
master control of the autonomic nervous system
thalamus
"filters" incoming sensory information
epithalamus
habenular nucleus
pineal gland

secretes melatonin to regulate circadian rhythm

Cerebrum

cerebral nuclei
regulate motor output/ inhibit unwanted movements
right cerebral hemisphere
left cerebral hemisphere
insula

taste

occipital lobe

vision

temporal lobe

smell

hearing

parietal lobe

somatosensory lobe

primary somatosensory cortex on postcentral gyrus

receive sensory information from the skin

frontal lobe

voluntary motor functions and higher order brain functions

prefrontal cortex

Highest order brain functions - complex thought, judgment, decision making, expression of personality, planning future behaviors

frontal eye field

controls eye movements for reading and binocular (using 2 eyes) vision

motor speech area

control muscle movements for speech

primary motor cortex on precentral gyrus

initiates and control voluntary skeletal muscle movements