da Jennifer Beck mancano 11 anni
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Leading to obesity and bad habits
Play put aside to devote more time to instructional skills
Sex role expectations and biases
Poverty and wealth expressions
Use race on deciding playmates/ roles for certain races
Toys based on TV shows
Can create shared-play situation
Not age appropriate Encourages consumerism
War Play
Can meet emotional need that's being explored
Teaches children violence solves problems
Look more like the object that they are meant to represent
Toy car
Puzzles
Playdough/blocks
Supported when teacher includes play objects that prompt children to think how to act within their cultures
Form own peer cultures - usually transmitted orally
Concerning because often challenges authority
Contributes to social status in classroom
Gives means for solidifying social groups and group identities
May be a necessary foundation for later literacy
Change themselves, type of activity and rules
Play with sounds of voices, rhyming, nonsense
Child-centered curriculum for disadvantaged children
Work activities designed to develop skills
Seen like play - repeated activities and used senses
Implemented in U.S. after exhibition in 1915
Creating scientific basis for teaching
Sigmund Freud saw play as coping mechanism as balance needs with social pressures
Called attention to children's emotions and play therapy for dealing with problems
Karl Groos saw play as practice for future life
informed work on development and education
John Dewey made laboratory school and disagreed with Hall
Saw play as a way that children build ideas by doing
Play actions serve purposes; learn social skills
Children and play go through developmental stages
Play helps children be more civilized Play identified with evolutionary stages
Two Views
Free play with Froebel's objects and children choose what to do based on interests
Teacher guides play directly with close supervision
Some states made K part of public schooling
First to create play-based curriculum where children could naturally learn
Used "gifts and occupations" (balls, paper folding, etc) to encounter physical world, math, and art
Based on learning between mom & child
Sparked the debate on direct teaching vs. "natural" learning by play
Students forced to learn about world - makes it an idea that is separated from any real experience or daily actions
Different cultures will have different pay tools that connect to larger cultural ideas
Play is not just a stage; opens children's minds to their society's world of ideas where they are supported to think on higher levels
Functional, symbolic, games with rules
It is how students begin to create symbols that reflect their thought
