によって AUVIN OGHATIYAN 2年前.
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2 inactive relay proteins to attach
Subtopic
flow of specific ions
intramembrane space
rapid change of concentration
an action potential
a cellular response is generated
chemical signals
Adenylyl Cyclase
enzyme
cAMP
second messenger
Protein Kinase A
phosphorylation cascade
cellular response is generated
GDP is bound
GTP is bound
neurotransmitters
protein hormones
Diffusion
Facilitated
Proteins aid in transport
Hydrophobic
Amino acids with nonpolar R groups
Hydrophilic
amino acids with polar R groups
Osmosis
Water from high (through semi-permeable membrane) to low concentration until water is equal on both sides of plasma membrane
Water Balance
Hypotonic
rapidly gain water
turgid
swell until the wall opposes uptake
Solution has lower solute concentration than another solution Water particles move into cell, cell explands & eventually lyses
Isotonic
water will not flow in or out
ideal state
flaccid
no net movement inside cell
Same solute concentration as another solution Overall concentration on both sides of cell membrane is constant
Hypertonic
water molecules within cells diffuse out & the solute molecules enter, making cell shrink
Plasmolyzed
membrane pulls away from wall
plasmolysis
Higher solute concentration than another solution Water particles move out cell
Simple
Small nonpolar molecules can pass through Polar molecules have some trouble passing through Ions cannot pass through
Vesicles
Small sac-like organelles that store & transport materials inside cell
Substance entering cell
Endocytosis
Receptor-Mediated cytosis
Specialized type of pinocytosus enabling cell to acquire bulk amounts of specific substance
Phagocytosis
Solid particles into cell through formation of membrane vesicle
Pinocytosis
Cell takes in fluids along with dissolved small molecules
Substance leaving cell
Exocytosis
outward transport of large particles via vesicle which fuses with cell membrane
Sodium potassium pump
proteins aid Na+ & K+ across the membrane
Secondary
Primary
hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail
amphipathic
selectively permeable membrane
small, nonpolar molecules
vacuole
cell sap
storage of materials and water
cellulose
chloroplasts
green color
sending messages in the cell
transporting genetic information
translating messages
protein synthesis
proteins
lipids, phospholipid and steroids
transporting and packaging proteins/lipids
waste removal
ATP
photosynthesis
energy for cell
gel like fluid
between cell membrane and nucleus
place where organelles can function
granules
energy
DNA/chromosomes
double helix
cell's activity
cell structure
peptidoglycan
genetic info
