によって Thomas Hill 14年前.
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Matched Pairs Design
Repeated Design
Independent Design
Volunteer Sample
Random Sample
Opportunity Sample
Two tailed Hypothesis
One tailed Hypothesis
Null Hypothesis
Alternative Hypothesis
Replication
Time Sampling
Event Sampling
Tally
Ethics
Inter-rater reliability
Coding System
Controlled
Naturalistic
Graphs
Measures of central tendency
Data
Dependent Variable
Independent Variable
Quasi/natural
Field
Laboratory
commune
breakout
saliva swabs
psychometric tests
observation/recordings
uniforms
interventions
Role allocation
BBC
Priosen experiment
debriefed
66% obeyed
stress, nervous laughter
verbal 'prods'
450 volts
word pairs
shock generator
Fixed role. teacher
Advertisement
Holocaust
Cost/benefits and arousal theory
Cane helped more
Males helped
Race
Observers
Model
Victim - cane/drunk
New York Subway
Kitty Genovese
Bystander intervention
Travel in forest
Formal testing
Productive receptive abilities
Indoor enviroment
Naturalistic enviroment
Maikia
Spontaneous use
Lexigraph
Kanzi
Table results
3. Tourette's Syndrome = 20.4 (mean score on eyes task)
2. Control ('normal') = 20.3 (mean score on eyes task)
1. Autism/Asperger's = 16.3 (mean score on eyes task)
No difference between Group 2 and Group 3 on eyes task
Group 1 scored much lower on eyes task than the other 2 groups
Strange stories task used to test concurrent validity of the eyes task
Asked "Which word best describes what this person is feeling or thinking"
Forced to choose between 2 emotions
Shown for 3 seconds
Eyes task
25 standardised photos of eyes
Black and White
Quasi experiment
3 groups
10 Participants
Assumed to have normal IQ
Drawn from general population of Cambridge
50 Participants
25 female
25 male
Mean IQ of 105.3
12 with Asperger's syndrome
4 with high fuctioning autism
3 female
13 male
16 participants
Provide more support for the cognitive explanation of autism
eye task meant describing the emotion displayed by eyes
The theory of mind test used was the eye test
That autistic adults lack theory of mind skills.
Impaired theory of mind
Basic emotion recognition
Gender recognitition task
Tourette
Asperger's
Autism
Conclusions
Loftus and Palmer suggests there are two types of information for memory
2. Information we get after the event
1. Information from perceiving the event
Post event information distorts actual memory
Supports Study 1
Wording of question affected the participants memory of the event.
Smashed = more than twice as likley to see glass
Stats
Control
6/50
7/50
16/50
One Week later all subjects asked again
Did you see any broken glass?
Groups
Group 3
Not asked (Control)
Group 2
How fast were the cars going when they hit eachother
Group 1
How fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other
Procedure similar to study 1
Three groups of 50
150 students
Conclusion
2. Responce Bias - demand characteristics
1. Verb distorts actual memorey
Results
The worse sounding the verb = the faster speed estimate
Method
DV
Estimate of speed
IV
Verb used in question
Five differrent verbs (one per condition)
Contacted
Hit
Bumped
Collided
Smashed
critical question was ''about how fast were the cars going when they ***** each other
asked to complete a questionnaire
Asked to write a short account of what they had seen
Seven clips of traffic accidents
Laboratory Experiment
Participants
Five groups of nine
45 students
Aim
Will the use of more severe sounding verbs to describe an accident leade participants?
Be more likley to (incorrectly) recall the presence of broken glass?
Produce a higher estimate of speed??
To investigate the effect of leading questions on the accuracy of eyewitness testimony
post-event information
'smashed' increased recall
broken glass
memory structure
verbs
Films of accidents
Students
Laboratory experiment
Eye witness testimony
Multiple Personality disorder
Electroencephalograph
Jane
Interviews
Projective tests
Psychometric tests
Eve black
Letter
Eve white
depersonalisation
stickiness of lables
interpretation of behaviour
Lack of contact
Patients rated as pseudo patients
Type 1 and type 2 errors
Diagnosis
Schizophrenia
Pseudopatients
Hindsight bias
Irrational verbalisations
Gamblers continued
Content analysis
Behavioual meaures
Thinking aloud
£3
Volunteer sample
Fruit machines
Gamblers
Content of dream
Direction of dream length
Estimation of dream length
Tape recorder
Recall of dreams
Bell
EEG
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Sleep
Control group
Cause and effect
Correlation
Right hippocampus
Posterior hippocampus (back end)
MRI scan/pixel count
'The Knowledge'
spatial memory
Hippocampus
Taxi drivers
No communication, hemispheres
Left Language
Tactile tasks
Language centre
Brain Hemispheres
Visual fields
Epilespy
Corpus callosum
Two questions influences answer
conservation of number before
Conservation increases with age
Number/volume/mass
Fixed array
One question
Age
Conservation
Piaget's theory
Inhibition of aggression
Non-imitative aggression
Gender differences
Observed
Arousal
Bobo doll
Witnessed Model
Matched Pairs
Nursery children
Imitation of aggression
Resolved conflict
Witnessed horse fall
Giraffe dreams
Phobia of horses/father
Castration/widdler obsessed
Oedipal conflict
Phallic stage
Little Hans
Case study
