The document discusses various models of knowledge management as presented by different scholars. Nonaka and Takeuchi's model focuses on the transformation of knowledge through processes such as combination, socialization, externalization, and internalization, highlighting the dynamic nature of knowledge creation.
Knowledge can be “public”, “shared”, and “personal”.
Choo (1998),
Knowledge-Creating
transformation of personal knowledge between individuals through dialogue, discourse, sharing, and storytelling.
Decision-making
rational decision-making models that are used to identify and evaluate alternatives by processing the information and knowledge collected to date.
Sense making
Sense making
Involve 3 phases – ecological change, enactment, selection and retention
representation of reality by comparing current with past events
Focus on how individuals must make sense, or develop understanding, of the knowledge that is available in the organization.
von Krogh and Roos (1995),
distinguish between individual knowledge and social knowledge
Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995),
Internalization (explicit-to-tacit)
diffusing and embedding newly acquired behaviour and newly understood or revised mental models
Combination (explicit-to-explicit)
recombining discrete pieces of explicit knowledge into a new form
Externalization (tacit-to-explicit)
able to articulate the knowledge and know-how, the know-why and etc., i.e. a journalist interviewing an expert
Socialization (tacit-to-tacit)
sharing knowledge in face-to-face, natural, and typical social interactions
Focuses on knowledge spirals that explain the transformation of knowledge to create knowledge
Boisot (1998), Beer (1984),
3 dimensional cube
Diffused-Undiffused
Abstract-Concrete
Codified-Uncodified
key concept of an “information good” that differs from a physical asset.
Data, Information and Knowledge
Data
A set of discrete, objective facts about events.
Information
A message, usually in the form of a document or an audible or visible communication.
Knowledge
Functional definition - The process of translating information and past experience into a meaningful set of relationships which can be applied by an individual.
