によって Raabia Ansari 2年前.
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PLEURAL EFFUSION
Pleural effusion involves the accumulation of excess fluid between the layers of the pleura outside the lungs. Key clinical signs include decreased breath sounds and dullness to percussion over the effusion area.
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PLEURAL EFFUSION Auscultation Bronchial breath sounds heard over area of effusion Pleural friction/rubbing Decreased breath sounds over the effusion Special tests Bronchophony shows abnormal vocal resonance Whispered pectoriloquy: Whispered "1,2,3" is intelligible Egophony: "E" sounds more like an "A" Vital Signs BP: (+/-) elevated due to pain, can also be decreased due to underlying cause Temperature: Pyrexia >100.4°F Decreased Oxygen saturation: <95% Respiratory rate: Tachypnea, >20 BPM Pulse: tachycardia: HR>100 Percussion Dullness to percussion Palpation Decreased tactile fremitus Tracheal deviation away from affected side Chest expansion decreased on affected side Inspection (+/-) Accessory muscle use depending on severity of pleural effusion (+/-) Tachypnea based on size of effusion (+/-) tripod position (+/-) Cyanosis, indicating severe hypoxia
