TOPIC 1: NATURE OF LANGUAGE Universal properties of language
Language exhibits a remarkable array of universal properties and variability across different levels including individual, regional, national, and global. Factors such as geographical location, ethnicity, and social aspects like class, age, gender, socioeconomic status, and education contribute to this variability.
TOPIC 1: NATURE OF LANGUAGE Universal properties of language
Modularity
Chomsky's modularity hypothesis
A set of components subsystems in a coordinated way
Regions of brain and language processing
Branches in linguistic
Discreteness
* The range of sounds that human beings can make is continuous.
* The uniqueness of the sounds used in human languages.
* Every language use a set of different sounds.
Human language and animal language
The differences pronunciation of alphabets between English and Indonesia
Constituency and recursion
'''consistuency'''
* Allowing more complex units to enter structures where simpler ones are also possible.
* For example, we can say, ‘she sat down,’ ‘the smart woman sat down
Recursion
*allows grammatical processes to be applied repeatedly
* expand a short sentence into longer sentences
eg: '''He was tall and strong and handsome and thoughtful and a good listener and…
VARIABILITTY
FACTORS - regional (geographical), ethnic (national and racial), and social (class, age, gender, socioeconomic status and education).
The English language varies on individual, regional, national and global levels.
Productivity
* Known as open-endedness
* That can be used to produce new instances of the same type, which closely connected to word formation.
definition
Arbitrariness
Example, in numbers as well. They sound different in different language, though they mean the same
Necessary connection between a word's meaning and its sound or form.
RELIANCE AND CONTEXT
interpreting the meaning of entire utterances
EXAMPLE : by saying “it is cold in here” could imply a complaint, a request to close a window or even a compliment .
