TOPIC 1: NATURE OF LANGUAGE Universal properties of language

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TOPIC 1: NATURE OF LANGUAGE Universal properties of language

Modularity

Chomsky's modularity hypothesis

A set of components subsystems in a coordinated way

Regions of brain and language processing

Branches in linguistic

Discreteness

* The range of sounds that human beings can make is continuous. * The uniqueness of the sounds used in human languages. * Every language use a set of different sounds.

Human language and animal language

The differences pronunciation of alphabets between English and Indonesia

Constituency and recursion

'''consistuency''' * Allowing more complex units to enter structures where simpler ones are also possible. * For example, we can say, ‘she sat down,’ ‘the smart woman sat down

Recursion *allows grammatical processes to be applied repeatedly * expand a short sentence into longer sentences eg: '''He was tall and strong and handsome and thoughtful and a good listener and…

VARIABILITTY

FACTORS - regional (geographical), ethnic (national and racial), and social (class, age, gender, socioeconomic status and education).

The English language varies on individual, regional, national and global levels.

Productivity

* Known as open-endedness * That can be used to produce new instances of the same type, which closely connected to word formation.

definition

Arbitrariness

Example, in numbers as well. They sound different in different language, though they mean the same

Necessary connection between a word's meaning and its sound or form.

RELIANCE AND CONTEXT

interpreting the meaning of entire utterances

EXAMPLE : by saying “it is cold in here” could imply a complaint, a request to close a window or even a compliment .