Categories: All - digital - coding - memory - motherboard

by Ziryan Shorsh 11 years ago

388

chapter 2

Central Processing Units (CPUs) are integral to a computer's functionality, acting as the primary chip where processing occurs, and they are located on the motherboard. Buses are critical for data transmission within the computer, with several types such as the Frontside Bus, FireWire, USB, PCI/

chapter 2

the syestem unit processing and memory

Representing Software Programs

software program represented by 0s and 1s.

machine language

binary based language for representing computer program

Coding Systems for Other Types of Data

alphabet character and special symbol such as comma and dollar sign

Video Data

Video data such as home movie, feature film, video clips, and televisions show

Audio Data

audio data such as song or the sound of someone speaking

Graphics Data

Consist of image , such as photographs or drawings

the binary numbering system

bit

the smallest unit of data digital computer

byte

a group of 8 bites

Memory

refer to a chip based storage.

Flash Memory

Consist of nonvolatile memory chips that can be used for storage by a computer or users

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

Consist of nonvolatile chips that store data or programs

Random Access Memory (RAM)

It called main memory

Registers

It is a hight speed memory built into a CPU

CPU

Is a chip that located on the motherboard of a computer and performs the processing of a computer.

The Motherboard

A circuit board containing a computer chips and other electronic component.

it is inside the system unit.

Buses

In a computer which is an electronic path over which data travel

FireWire/IEEE 1394 Bus

Is a high speed bus standarded developed by Apple for connecting divices particularly multimedia devices like digital video cameras to a computer.

USB Bus

Universial serial Bus allows 127 different divices to connect to a computer via a single USBport on the computer system unit.

PCI and PCI Express Bus

One of the buses most commonely used to connect peripheral devices.

in the new computer has been replaced with the PCI express

Frontside Bus (FSB)

The bus that connected the CPU via the I/O bridge to the rest of the bus architecture.

Memory Bus

The connection between the CPU and RAM.

Typical CPU Components

Decode Unit

The part of the CPU core that translate instructions into a form that can be processed by the ALU and FPU.

Prefetch Unit

Is orders data and instruction from cache or RAM based on the current task.

Control Unit

The part of CPU that corrdinates its operation

Floating Point Unit

The part of the CPU core that performs decimal arithmetic

Logic Unit

the part of CPU core that performs logical operations and integer arithmetic

coding system for text

text based by data and represented by binary coding syestem.

unicode

An international coding system that used to represent text based data in any writing language.

EBCD

Etended Binary Code Dismal Interchange Code

ASCII

ASCII belonged to American standard code for information interchange

degital data representation

most digital computers are binary computers and represented by digital 0 and 1.

Ports and Connectors

Phort is a connector on the exterior of a computer to which a device may be attached.

The additional ports that we use
Audio ports
game port
SCSI ports
( monitor port
network port
modern ports,
USB ports
fire wire,keybord ports