Categories: All - borders - treaties - compensation - decisions

by GUADALUPE MAGGIO 5 years ago

817

League of Nations

The League of Nations, established after World War I, aimed to resolve international disputes and maintain peace. Among its early challenges were border disputes arising from treaties signed at the Paris Peace Conference, which created new states and altered existing boundaries.

League of Nations

League of Nations

Its work for a better world

League aimed to fight poverty, disease and injustice
Social problems

it organised raids against slave owners

League blacklisted four large German, Dutch, Swiss and French companies involved in illegal drug-trade

Health

Health Committee was one of the most successful of the organisations

Transport

League made recommendaions on marking shiping lanes and produced internationaal highway code

working conditions

The ILO was successful in banning poisonous white lead from paint

reduced hours of work for small children

Refugees

it did a huge work in getting them back to their homes

Nansen Passport make much easier for them to travel across borders

Border disputes in 1920s

Treaties signed at the Paris Peace Conference
Created new states and changed borders of many others

Led to disputes

Geneva protocol

Election in Britain

New conservative government

Refused to sign it

Its aim was to strengthen the League

Finally weakened it

If two members were in dispute they'd have to ask the League

to solve the disagreement

Council's decision had to be respected

By France and Britain

Drawn up in 1924

Upper Silesia

In 1920 Silesians voted on which country they wished to join

Rural area

voted for Poland

Industrial area

voted for Germany

The League divided the territory along these lines

Both countries accepted the decision

Industrial region on the border between

Germany

Poland

1921

Bulgaria

Seen as a major sucess for the League

Greek troops invaded Bulgaria

Sent instructions to its army

Bulgaria appealed to the League for help

Observers were sent

Judged in favour of bulgarians

The greeks obeyed but complained for difference of punishments among countries

Greece had to pay compensations

1925

Corfu

Island between Greece and Albania

The Conference of Ambassadors was given this job

They sent an Italian general to supervise

Tellini

on 27th of August he was asesinated

Mussolini was furious

On 31th of August

He bombarded Corfu

Mussolini's actions were condemned

Pay compensation to Greece

Only and if Tellini's killers were found

Money held by the League

He accepted the League's decision but got to work secretly in the Conference of Ambassadors

He changed the League's ruling

There was much anger among the League

FAILURE

Greece had to pay/apologize directly to Italy

Appealed to the League for help

Asked for payment and compensation and execution of murderers

Blamed the greek goverment for the murder

Italian leader

On the Greek side

1923

Aaland Islands

They appealed to the League

After analysing the issue

Said the islands should go to Finland

Sweden accepted the League's decision

Triumph of the League

War was avoided

Between Sweden and Finland

Both countries were willing to fight for them

Poland and Lithuania

Poland took control of Vilna (capital of Lithuania)

France or Britain did not act against Poland

Lithuania appealed for help to the League

Poland was the aggressor

The League did nothing

Poland kept the territory

Failure of the League

It did not withdraw

1920

League's job to solve them

Organisation

Commissions
Health Commitee

collected statistics about health issues

1WW brought a rapid development of medicine

attempted to deal with the problem of dangeroues diseases

and educate people about health and sanitation

Slavery Commissions

worked to abolish slavery all around the world

Particular issue in East Africa where many workers were treated as slaves

Refugees Commitee

The 1WW led to many refugees who had fled from conflict areas

League appointed Fridtjft Nansen to help them

find countries to work

return to their homes

Mandates commissions

Aim was to make sure the leaders acted according to the mandate's interests

and took care of other group minorities

1WW led to many former colonis of Germany

her allies ended up as the League of Nations mandates ruled by Britain and France

International Labour Organisation
its aim was to improve working condiditons all through the world

for this it collected statistics and information bout them

brought together employers, goverments and worker's representatives once a year

Permanent Court of International Justice
if asked it could made decisions upon border disputes
based at Haugue, court in Netherlands

made up from judges of the different members

gave legal advice to Council and Assembly
had a key role on the the League's work on seting disputes peacefully
Scretatriat
sort of civil service

were everything that was written was kept

prepared reports for different agencies

kept records of the League meetings

Assembly
decisions unanimous
vote on

budget of the League

apointed temporary members to the Council

admitting new memebers

recommend action to the country
the League's parliament
The Council
main idea was that if any problem arose the members

brought the problem to the Council to be sorted out

if this didn't work

Moral condemnation

they could decide which country was guilty and condenm it

Econocmic and financial sanctions

members could refuse to trade with the agressor

Military Forces

armed forces of the members could be used against the agressor

temporary members

elected by the Assembly

Permanent members

had the right or Veto

in 1920

Italy

Japan

France

Britain

smaller group than the Assembly

mt 5 or more times a year

Mermbership

Britain and France were the most powerful
The League was a real problem for them

had other prioroties

France main concern was Germany

it was worried that the League without its own army was too weak to protect it

British politicians were interested on

looing after their empire

rebuilding the British trade

both weakened by the 1WW

didn't have the resources to fill the gap left by the USA

felt that USA was the only country which could make the League work

guided policy from 1920 to 1930
every action needed their support

settled in Geneva, Switzerland

Aims

improve living and working conditions
encourage nations to disarm
Encourage countries to co-operate(business and trade)
discourage agression of any nation

Body blown to the League

USA needed aproval of American Parliament in 1919
Critics of Wilson's plans put up opposition to the League

1919 congress voted, Wilson was defeated

Republicans

they WON

so when the League opened for business in 1920

American chair was empty

this was a personal rebuff to Wilson and a body blown to the League

the USA never joined

slogan "Return to normalcy"

wanted Amercia to be isolationist

follow its own policy

not get involved in inernational alliance

leader Warren Harding

Democrats didn't give up

1920 Wilson was ill

successor made the League a major part of its campaign

threatened people with the idea of having another war

idea of it not popular at all

People thought that Britain and France would call USA to defend their empires

many Americans were Anti- empires

If League impossed sanctions (stop trading with a country)

Amercan business and trade most affected

others feared that the USA would sent soldiers all around the world

supposed to

Enforce Treaty of Versailles

Americans with German ancestors hated it

Birth

France (Clemenceau)
strong League with its own army
British leaders (Lloyd George)
simple organisation for emergencies
President Wilson (USA)
Hope

That citizens of all countries would be so much against war

that this would prevent leaders to go on it

World parliament

won

1919 hopes were high that the League with the USA as a leader would be a powerful peacemaker

The plans were

Member countries promised to protect each other if invaded

Problems and disputes would be taken to the League

Countries had to accept the decisions made

Major nations would join the League

After FWW
People agreed on having a League of Nations

Organisation to solve international problems (avoid war)