Miscellaneous Food Ingredients
Leavening agents
Cookies
Cake
Bread
Vaporous Leavening Agent
Steam
Chemical Leavening Agents
Baking Soda and Baking Powder
Double-acting baking powders
2nd action
Gas is released when batter is heated in oven or on a griddle
1st action
Gas is released when baking soda
in powder react with acidic liquid.
Slow-acting baking powders
Containing phosphates
Single-acting baking powders
Containing tartaric acid or cream of tartar
Biological Leavening Agent
Yeast
Incorporation with air
Achieved by vigorous mixing incorporate
air bubbles producing foams
Substance that lead to expansion of doughs and batters by the release of gases within such mixtures, producing baked products with porous structure.
Agents such as air, steam, yeast, baking
powder and baking soda
Chelating agents
Applications
Salad dressings
Baking mixes
Mayonnaise
Carbonated beverages
Canned products
Examples:
Organic acids
Tartaric
Citric
Polyphosphates
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)
Very low usage level make it more effective
Binds metal ions
Combine with organic substance
Formation of struvite crystal
Off-flavor
Cause discoloration
Catalyse oxidation
To make them unavailable for the destructive reactions
Bind with metal ions for making them unavailable for destructive reactions
Food additives that prevent oxidation and increase shelf life of baked goods
Humectants
Frozen dessert
Jam
Jellies
Dried fruits
Propylene glycol
Choice for strongly flavoured products
Slightly bitter taste
Polydextrose
Matter of taste
Sorbitol
Glycerine
Depress the freezing point of food
Maintain the softness of products
Has sweet taste
Lower vapor pressure of food
Reduce vapor pressure
Prevents foods from drying out and stops the sugar contained in confectionery from crystallizing
Hygroscopic substance that promotes retention of water
Keep products moist
Bind the moisture that is contained in the food and and absorb moisture from the air
Anti-caking agents
Application
Powdered egg
Beer
Flour
Sugar products
Examples
Sodium dioxide
Stearic acid
Tricalcium phosphates
Talcum powder
Lactose
Salts
Magnesium carbonate
Calcium carbonate
Calcium silicate (CaSiO3)
Calcium stearate
Additives present in many commercial salts
Absorb excessive moisture
Used to prevent the formation of lumps and for easing packaging, transport, and consumption
