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Is it an arthropod vector?
mosquito?
tick?
biting fly?
vertebrate hosts
squirrels/rodents
monkeys
pigs
birds
Cytoplasm
EEE
WEE
VEE
SLE (St. Louis encephalitis)
WNV
California encephalitis
Powassan encephalitis (European)
early stages of Dengue & Chikungunya;
most do not exhibit virus in blood
Vectors
Mosquito
Culex: WEE
Aedes: VEE
Culisetts: EEE, salt-water marsh mosquito
Host
broad range: bird, mouse, horse, human
human: dead end
high titer horse can transmit
2 glycoproteins
important for binding, entering, replicating
Chikungunya
"bends up": musculoskeletal position due to muscle & joint pain
Other Sx: fever, headache, fatige, rash, nausea, vomiting
VEE
"Venezuelan"= Central and S. America
mainly horses
mild systemic with rare encephalitis
WEE
rural western US
more frequent and less severe than EEE
infants and children
EEE
neurological sequelae
severe with high mortalitiy in children
rural US, NE to Florida, Great Lakes, Central and South America
all Flaviviridae are Arboviruses except Hepatitis C and G
Characteristics
Pathogenesis
2' viremia
Encephalitis
Hepatitis
Dengue Shock Syndrome
Ab Block
vascular endothelium
RES: liver, spleen, lymph nodes
replication in target organs
1 glycoprotein
Diagnosis
PCR
for WNV: urine PCR in recent use
EIA
IgM
Serology
Gold Standard for West Nile: CSF (spinal tap)
Culture
CSF or blood difficult (per syllabus) but lecture: Gold Standard=CSF culture
can isolate from brain of dead bird
Epidemiology
Transmission
human-human transmission via host?
E. bola
LaCrosse
California Complex Virus
Colorado Tick Fever
Marburg
Ebola
