Floating topic
Ribosomes ->(Ribosomes)
Phosphate group
Pentose Sugar (Deoxyribose
Structure of DNA
DNA
Nucleotides
Base
Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine
Transcription
elements and specific transcription factors
Coordinately controlled genes
Eukaryotic form of operon model
Transcription Elements
Combinatorial control of gene expression
Variation in types of numbers of control
Control Elements
Distal
repressors are binded by silencers
decreased rate of transcription
enhancers
bind activators
increased of transcription
Promoter + TATA box
Bind General transcription factors
Change in structure of DNA (Packing)
Modification of chromatin structure
Level of Genetic Code
Gene amplification
Increase in number of copies of genes
DNA ->
Transcription ->
(RNA synthesis)->
mRNA->
Transcription level
3' poly-A-tail
5' 7 methylguasnosine cap
Recognition of mature mRNA by ribosomes
Editing of mature mRNA
Modifying of nucleotide sequences
spilcing
Enables alternative splicing of mRNA
splicing together of exons
splicing of introns
3' Pre-mRNA becomes Mature RNA
Subtopic
Stages of Transcription
RNA polymerase II- pre mRNA - EUkaryotes
RNA polymerase (RNAP)- Prokaryotes
Acomplished by RNA polymerase
Translation
Includes
Initiation
Start codon
(AUG)
Elongation
Movement of tRNA
from A site to P site
the polypeptide
chain grows
Termination
Stop codon is reached
Involves
tRNA
anticodon
amino acid attached
to 3' end
synthase
Is
clover
shaped
Short
Translate
multiple codons
wobble
effect
Ribosomes
rRNA
Has
3 active sites
Are
P site
Growing polypeptide
E site
Exit site
A site
Amino acid
2 subunits
Large and Small
