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Reflection of light off a smooth surface
Vacuum
3.00 X 10⁸ m/s
Light-Emitting Diode
Light produced by an electric current flowing in semiconductors
Triboluminescence
The production of light as a result of friction
Bioluminescence
The production of light in living organisms without producing heat
Chemiluminescence
The production of light as a result of a chemical reaction
Fluorescence
The immediate emission of light as a result of ultraviolet light
Phosphorescence
Light production through the absorption of ultraviolet light resulting in emission of visible light
Electrical Discharge
Light production by passing an electric current through gas
Incandescense
The production of light as a result of high temperature
Electromagnetic radiation that does not require a medium of transmission
The light ray that leaves a lens after refraction
The point on the parallel axis where light rays parallel to the principal axis converge after refraction
Point at the exact center of the lens
The angle between the refracted ray and the normal
The angle between the reflected ray and the normal
The angle between the incident ray and the normal
At right angles
The perpendicular line to a mirror surface
The ray that bounces off a reflective surface
The incoming ray that hits a surface
Flat
The point at which light rays parallel to the principal axis when they are reflected off the mirror
The point where the principal axis meets the mirror
The line through the center of curvature to the midpoint of the mirror
The center of the sphere whose surface has been used to make the mirror
Virtual
Image formed where light does not arrive at image location
Real
Image formed when light arrives at image location
Type of image
Location of the image
Is the image upright or inverted
The size of the image
Characteristics used to describe the properties of an image
A ray aimed at the focus is reflected parallel to the principal axis
A ray aimed at the center of curvature is reflected back upon itself
A ray parallel to the principal axis is reflected as if it had come through the focus
4 Rules
A ray aimed at the vertex will follow the law of reflection.
A ray through F will reflect parallel to the principal axis.
A light ray through the center of curvature is reflected back onto itself. The reflected ray will return on the same path.
A light ray through the principal axis is reflected through the focus
The angle of incidence that results in an angle of refraction of 90 degrees
If you increase the angle of incidence past the Critical Angle the refracted ray will no longer exit the medium, instead, only a reflected ray is visible.
n = sin i/sin R
n = C/V
The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a medium.
Light bends towards the normal when the speed of light in the second medium is less than in the first medium. Light bends away from the normal when the speed of light in the second medium is greater.
The incident ray and reflected ray all lie in the same plane. The incident ray and the reflected ray are on opposite sides of the line that separates the two media.
Used to determine the magnification of a lens for the thin lens equation.
Used to easily determine the image characteristics
f = focal length and is positive for converging lenses and negative for diverging lenses
dⁱ = image distance and is positive for real images and negative for virtual images.
dᵒ = object distance and is always positive
Myopia
The inability of the eye to focus light from distant objects.
Presbyopia
A form of far-sightedness caused by a loss of accommodation as a person ages.
Hyperopia
The inability of the eye to focus light from near objects.
Optic Nerve
The optic nerve transmits electric signals from the retina, and creates a blind spot in the back of each eye.
Retina
Converts light signals into electrical signs that is then transmitted to the brain through the optic nerve.
Cornea
Light is refracted through the cornea.
Pupil
Where light enters the eye.
Iris
Colored part of the eye that opens and closes to let in more or less light.
A ray through the optical center continues straight through without being refracted
A ray that appears to pass through the secondary principal focus is refracted parallel to the principal axis.
A ray parallel to the principal axis is refracted as if it had come through the principal focus.
3 Rules
A ray through the optical center continues straight through without being refracted.
A ray through the secondary principal focus is refracted parallel to the principal axis.
A ray parallel to the principal axis is refracted through the principal focus
