THE SOUND PATTERS
AND LANGUAGE
AND THE PRONUNCIATION OF MORPHEMES
Example:
Plural
/v/ Love
/r/ Bear
/n/ Ton
/s/ Map
/b/ Tub
PRONUNCIATION
Phonetic shaps
Determined
Regular phonological rules
Phonetic contex
Vowel rules
Very complicated
Differents contexts
Various pronunciations
Different phonetic forms
PHONE
Market in brackets "[]"
Real sound part
It can be heard
ALLOPHONE
REFERENCE OF EXAMPLES:
English Wiki. (2019). English allophones. English Wiki. Recovered from:http://enwiki.org/w/English_allophones
Consonant sound or group:
Voiced stops and affricates /b,d,g,dʒ/
Allophone:
Partially devoiced the beginning
of syllables (unless immediately
preceded by a voiced sound)
bay, day, go, jee
Consonant sound or group:
Sonorants
Allophone:
Devoiced after aspirated
plosives /p, t, k/
pray, play, tray, cray, clay
Consonant sound or group:
Voiceless plosives /p, t, k/
Allophone:
Aspirated before stressed vowels
(in stressed syllables): [pʰ, tʰ, kʰ]
pie, tie, kite
Consonant sound or group:
Consonants
Allophone:
Consonants are phonetically longer
when at a word boundary or at the
end of a phrase
bib
Consonant sound or group:
Velar stops /k,g/
Allophone:
These become more advanced
or fronted before front vowels
key [ki], geese [gis].
Two similar sounds phonetically
They are allophones of the phoneme
Mutan distribution
Excluiding
Two allophones
They are not in the same enviaroment
Relatively similar words
Linguistics variants
Not significant
Phoneme
Bibliography References:
Minggu. (2014). The pronunciation of Morphemes. Blog. Recovered from: http://be-teacher.blogspot.com/2014/04/the-pronunciation-of-morphemes.html
ThoughtCo. (s/d). Phoneme vs. Minimal Pair in English. ThoughtCo. Recovered from: https://www.thoughtco.com/minimal-pair-phonetics-1691392
Mannell R. (2008). Phoneme and Allphone. Macquarie University. Recovered from: https://www.mq.edu.au/about/about-the-university/faculties-and-departments/medicine-and-health-sciences/departments-and-centres/department-of-linguistics/our-research/phonetics-and-phonology/speech/phonetics-and-phonology/phoneme-and-allophone#:~:text=Allophones,phonetic%20environment%20of%20the%20phoneme.
Encyclopaedia Britannica. (s/d). Phoneme Linguistics. Britannica. Recovered from: https://www.britannica.com/topic/phoneme
MINIMAL PAIRS
REFERENCE OF EXAMPLES:
Wikipedia. (2017). Minimal Pair. Wikipedia. Recovered from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimal_pair
Word 1:
Bin
Word 2:
Bean
IPA 1:
/bɪn/
IPA 2:
/biːn/
Word 1:
Pen
Word 2:
Pan
IPA 1:
/pɛn/
IPA 2:
/pæn/
Note: Vowel
Word 1:
Seal
Word 2:
Zeal
IPA 1:
/siːl/
IPA 2:
/ziːl/
Word 1:
Rot
Word 2:
Lot
IPA 1:
/rɒt/
IPA 2:
/lɒt/
Word 1:
Pin
Word 2:
Bin
IPA 1:
/pɪn/
IPA 2:
/bɪn/
Note: Initial consonant
Shape
Easy and clear
Identify sounds
Language
Sound difference
Difference in meaning
Tools
Stablish
Two or more sounds
They can be contrasted
Used
Show two sounds
Contrast a languague
Couple of words
Differ in a phoneme
PHONEME
Examples:
REFERENCE OF EXAMPLES:
SoftSchools. (n/d). Phonemes Examples. SoffSchools. Recovered from: https://www.softschools.com/examples/grammar/phonemes_examples/643/
Phoneme (Sound): /j/
Graphemes: j, g, ge, dge
j, gel, cage, edge
Phoneme (Sound): /g/
Graphemes: g, gg
go, egg
Phoneme (Sound): /f/
Graphemes: f, ph
fish, phone
Phoneme (Sound): /d/
Graphemes: d, dd, ed
dog, ladder, pulled
Phoneme (Sound): /b/
Graphemes: b, bb
ball, blubber
Relevant phonological differents
Rhythm
Accentuation
Tone
Restrict
Consonants
Vowel
Registers
Special symbols
Based
Spoken language
It does not matter
English
Slight difference
Given context
It works
A single sound
More than one variant
Distinguishes
Word element
Word
Smallest Unit
Speech
