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Structural Support
Provides structural support in
Dextran - held by 1-6 glucoside links -the main chain of glucose has short branches -joined by 1-3 and 1-4 glucoside links. -structural component of bacteria and yeast
DNA
Three main components
Nitrogenous base
Phosphate group that is negatively charged
Deoxyribose sugar -lack of an oxygen atom at carbon 2 in deoxyribose -contains five carbons that has lost the -OH (hydroxyl group) on its 2 prime carbon
Chitin -hard exoskeleton of insects and of crustacean -a cellulose-like polymer of N-acetylglucosamine
Cellulose -major component of plant cell walls -straight-chain polymer -β-glucose held by β 1–4 glycosidic linkages -humans are unable to digest the linkages between the β -glucose subunits in cellulose
Energy Storage
Stored form of glucose
Glycogen -animals -similar to amylopectin in structure -α 1–4 main chain linkages and α 1–6 branch-point linkages -has more branches in glycogen -animals possess enzymes that hydrolyze amylose and amylopectin
Starch -plants
Is a combination of
Amylopectin -branched-chain polymer -α-glucose polymer with α 1–4 linkages in the main chain and α 1–6 linkages at the branch points
Amylose -straight chain polymer -α-glucose with α 1–4 glycosidic linkages
Lactose - α glucose and -α galactose
Sucrose -α-glucose and α-fructose with α 1–2 glycosidic linkage
Maltose - two α-glucose molecules held by α 1–4 glycosidic linkage
Fructose C₆H₁₂O₆
Glactose C₆H₁₂O₆
Glucose C₆H₁₂O₆
Types
β-glucose
α -glucose
