Kategorier: Alle - cognitive - metacognitive - affective - direct

av Aileen Tiong 9 år siden

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THE 3 CLASSIFICATIONS OF LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES (LLS)

Language Learning Strategies (LLS) can be categorized into different classifications, each addressing distinct aspects of the learning process. Stern's framework includes cognitive strategies like guessing, memorization, and deductive reasoning, which focus on the mental processes involved in language acquisition.

THE 3 CLASSIFICATIONS OF LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES (LLS)

Prepared by: Aileen Tiong Ling (GP03727) Program Eksekutif Sarjana UKM

THE 3 CLASSIFICATIONS OF LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES (LLS)


Oxford's (1990)

Indirect
Social

Emphathising with others

Cooperating with others

Asking questions

Taking emotional temperature

Encouraging oneself

Lowering anxiety

Evaluating learning

Arranging & planning learning

Centering learning

Direct
Compensation

Overcoming limitations in speaking & writing

Guessing intelligently

Creating structure for input & output

Analysing & reasoning

Receiving & sending messages strategies

Practising

Memory

Employing action

Reviewing well

Applying images & sounds

Creating mental linkages

O'Malley's (1985)

Socioaffective
Question for clarification
Cooperation
Transacting with others
Social-mediating
Inferencing
Transfer
Elaboration
Contextualisation
Keywords
Auditory representation
Recombination
Deduction
Note-taking
Grouping
Translation
Resourcing
Repetition
Metacognitive
Self-evaluation
Delayed production
Self-monitoring
Functional planning
Self-management
Selective attention
Directed attention
Advanced organisers

Stern's (1992)

Affective
Langauge learning training

Voicing frustrations

Drawing attention to possible frustrations

Build positive feelings
Aware of perceptions towards langauge learning
Interpersonal
Evaluate performance
Monitor development
Get familiar with the culture of the target langauge
Cooperate with native speakers
Communicate with native speakers
Communicative - Experiential
Use verbal & non-verbal instruments

Asking for explanation

Asking for repetition

Paraphrasing

Gesturing

Circumlocution

Cognitive
Monitoring
Memorisation
Practice
Deductive Reasoning
Guessing/ Inductive Inferencing
Clarification/ Verification
Management & Planning
Evaluate success
Monitor progress
Select appropriate resources
Decide on a methodology
Set reasonable goals
Decide on commitments