In the 1930s, the United States implemented a series of economic and banking reforms known as the New Deal to address the Great Depression's challenges. These programs aimed to stabilize various sectors, including banking, agriculture, finance, and industry.
Created Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
Allowed federal regulation of stock trading in public corporations
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) (1933)
Insured bank deposits against bank failure.
Glass-Steagall Banking Act (1933)
Created Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to insure personal bank accounts
Emergency Banking Relief Act (1933)
Gave the president emergency powers over the US banking system, under which he called a ‘bank holiday’ to allow evaluation of all banks and closure of insolvent ones.
National Industrial Recovery Act (1933)
Created National Recovery Administration (NRA).
Legalized industry collaboration for price controls and collective bargaining for labor.
Agricultural Adjustment Act (1933)
Created Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA).
Introduced measures to reduce crop supply, stabilize prices and support farm incomes.
Reconstruction Finance Corporation (1932)
Created during the Hoover Administration, expanded by FDR.
Helped finance public works, industry, and national defense activities.