Critical Thinking- Vaccines and Autism Concept Map (Ch. 1 cont.)(8/30/20)

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Critical Thinking- Vaccines and Autism Concept Map (Ch. 1 cont.)(8/30/20)

Name the character


Type in the name of the character whose change throughout the story you are going to analyze.

Example: Nick Carraway.

Vaccine & Autism:

Character's behavior

Think of the character's behavior at the beginning of the story and look for the way it changed throughout the story.

Complexities of Autism:

Many genes are related to autism and are associated with formation/ function of the brain.

- Including roles in neural development and structuring, nerve signaling, and speech/ language processing.

A condition that begins during fetal development as a result of both genetic & environmental influences.

- Parental age, birth complications, maternal nutrients at conception, exposure to pollution during early brain development, etc.

Fears Associated with the myths:

Two- Fear of Autism (itself)

Anxiety fostered by media stories, highlighting high-profile anti-vaccine advocates against statistically based reports by medical researchers.

One- Fear of unfamiliar ingredients in vaccines

Thimerosal: mercury-containing preservative, which was still used in some multi-does flu shots (until mid- 2014)

Previous Knowledge

- Autism is a mental disorder, that may include social, emotional, and communication difficulties

Initial behavior

What is the character's behavior at the beginning of the story? Type in a relevant quote for your statement.

Example: Nick seems to be an honest person, calling himself 'one of the few honest people that I have ever known'.

- Vaccines may play a part into causing Autism

Initial behavior

How does the character act at the beginning of the story? Type in a relevant quote for your statement.

Example: Nick shows his immature side as he leaves to New York in order to avoid 'being rumored into marriage' with his girlfriend.

The Lancet Article:

Character's feelings

Focus on the way the character's feelings are presented at the beginning and at the end of the story, while explaining why they have changed.

Elements of Scientific Inquiry (Scientific Study):

F. Funding Sources: One of the primary authors, Wakefield, was paid money from attorneys involved in a lawsuit who represented the families involved in this study and were part of a lawsuit against MMR Vaccines, as well as trying to petition to find a different MMR Vaccine. This means BIAS!!

E. Replication: None

D. Was there a control, if experimental: This was NOT an experimental, but however more observational. But, there were types of children missing from the study such as not completely healthy children that got the vaccine, children that are not considered "healthy" and children that did not get the vaccine.

C. Duration of Study: Not Stated

B. Random Sample Subjects: Did not include a representative set of individuals who had Autism.

The reason for the change of feelings


Why did the character change his feelings? Type in the answer.

Example: the East lost its appeal due to the shallowness, carelessness and corruption.

A. Sample Size: 12 Children (small sample size) with 11 males and 1 female, demonstrating gender bias! The average age was 6 years old, with the range between 3 to 10 years old.

Title of Article: Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervazive developmental disorder in children

Three Main Topics-

Initial feelings


How does the character feel about a certain subject at the beginning of the story? Type in a relevant quote to support your statement.

Example: 'Reserving judgements is a matter of infinite hope.'

What data could be examined to determine if MMR vaccine causes Autism? By adding the data of "normal" healthy children to compare with developmental disorder individuals (This can lead to identifying if there is a specific factor causing autism from this vaccine). We could also add the data for children who had autism but did not get vaccinated to determine if the vaccine truly causes Autism.

Question #2: How long did the behavior or digestive issues last? Forever or temporary?

Question #1: Did they incorporate other environmental factors for the causes of the behavior and digestion issues?

The reason for the change of feelings

What caused the character to change the first belief you mentioned? Type in the reason for the change.

Example: disgust towards the lack of morality in the Buchanan family.

'Pervasive Development Disorder'- means autism.

'Non-specific Colitis'- means inflammation of the colon, which is part of the large intestine

Initial feelings

What was the character's initial belief? Type in a relevant quote.

Example: 'seems like the ragged edge of the universe' - Nick talking about Midwest, the place where he grew up.

'Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia'- means there are nodules growing in the small intestine, which may cause or affect absorption, diarrhea and other systems.

Initial feelings


How does the character feel about a certain subject at the beginning of the story? Type in a relevant quote to support your statement.

Example: "Reserving judgements is a matter of infinite hope."

Publication Date/ Retraction Date:

Timeline:

2- (2010) The U.K's General Medical Council strikes Andrew Wakefield from the medical register (equivalent of stripping a medical license). This event is important to me due to the dishonesty and the distress and pain Wakefield caused for the test subjects, their families and for everyone else who read the paper. From his badly chosen decisions, he should have received the punishment of losing his license.

1- 10 of the 13 authors retract the paper's statement. This is a vital event because without this there could have been many more outbreaks of numerous diseases, viruses, etc. This also helped ease those who read this study, and allow them clarity of the "fake" study and be able to get vaccine(s).

Graph:

2) After a majority of the authors retracted the paper's statements, there was an increasement in coverage of numbers.

1) There was a drastic decrease after the paper was published in 1998.

PD: February 28, 1998

Change of feelings

In what way did the character change the feeling you mentioned?

Type in a quote to support your statement.

Example: 'They are a rotten crowd. You're worth the whole damn bunch put together.' - Nick criticizing the Buchanans.

RD: 2010- Journal's retraction of article

What I learned and if my perspective has changed on the topic:

Title


Type in the title and author of the literary work that introduces the character.

Example: The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald.

Perspective: My perspective on this topic changed as a result of this lecture and discussion from the misleading studies, the false or not accurate information that influenced thousandths of people to not get vaccinated and may eventually cause an outbreak. This also showed me the complexities of autism, highlighting how inaccurate and dishonest the 1998 paper truly was.

Learned:

2- I learned that the MMR vaccine(s) do not have any correlation to autism. This was identified through multiple other studies.

1- I learned that when a medical or scientific study comes out, you should always check the 6 essential elements of scientific inquiry. This will help determine if the study is as reliable and accurate as they make it seem.