Categorias: Todos - rebellion - enlightenment - colonies - independence

por history group 9 anos atrás

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Independence Movement

The period surrounding the French and Indian War through the early 19th century saw significant political and social upheaval across the Americas and Europe, driven by Enlightenment ideals.

Independence Movement

French and Indian War

Main topic

France Invades Portugal

France, now led by Napoleon, invades Portugal in 1807. Rio de Janero (Brazil) becomes new capital of Portuguese empire.

Discord Within Brazil

Brazil was dealing with its own political turmoil when the French arrived in Portugal. Power rested in the white minority, leaving the indigenous population powerless.

Revolt in Portugal

Rebellion led to the establishment of constitutional monarchy in Portugal, which pressed to restore Brazil to a colony, rather than an empire rivaling Portugal. Brazil upset by this, but reluctant at first to rebel.

Brazilian Independence

Brazil declared independence from Portugal of 7 September 1822. Portugal did not recognize declaration at first; fought with Brazil for three years until they were forced to acknowledge Brazil's independence in 1825.

Haitian Independence

After overthrowing the traditional French colonial government, Haiti became independent country on January 1, 1804. Jean Jaques Dessalines named ruler of new country.

Haitian Uprising

News of rebellion reaches Haiti, sparking bloody uprising of the black slaves against their white masters. Led by Toussaint L'Ouverture.

French Revolution

Enlightenment ideology spreads from colonies to Europe, igniting spirit of rebellion in French. Abolishment of slavery occurs.

American Revolution

Paine's "Common Sense" published as well as the Declaration of Independence, reinforcing enlightenment ideas in the colonies.

Colonial Uprising

Britain began to tighten its control over the North American colonies, instituting mercantilism and complete governmental authority. Angered colonists, who began to unify against Parliament.