Properties of matter

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Separating Mixtures

Differences on physical properties can be used to separate mixtures

Ways to separate mixtures are:

Distillation: a liquid is boiled to produce a vapor that is then condensed into a liquid.

Filtration: the process that separates a solid from the liquid in a heterogeneous mixture

Matter and change

Based on the distribution of their components, mixtures can be classified as heterogeneous mixtures or as homogeneous mixtures

homogeneous

is a mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout. Another name for homogeneous mixtures is a solution.

The term phase is used to describe any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties

By definition, a homogeneous mixture consists of 2 or more phases.

Heterogeneous mixtures

A mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout

Classifying Mixtures

A mixture is a physical blend of 2 or more components

Properties of matter

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Physical changes

Melting point, Boiling point

state

breaks, cuts, crashes

reversible or irriversible

Gallium -> melts on your hand

Physical changes can be reversible or irreversible

Gases

takes both, the shape and volume of the container

they can easily be compressed

Vapor: Gaseous state, water -> vapor normal state: liquid or solid that turns into vapor

Gas: Oxygen, hydrogen, helium

Liquids

Indefinite shape, flows

fixed volume (wherever you put the liquid, that is the volume

Expand only slightly when heated

Solids

definite shape and volume

expand only slightly when heated

States of matter

solid: the atoms are compacted

liquid: the atoms are slightly separated

gas: the atoms are separated

depend on how the atoms are arranged.

Identifying substances

Physical Property

a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's composition

Helps chemists identify substances

Hardness

color

conductivity

malleability

Room temperature = 20C - 25C

Every sample of a given substance has identical intensive properties because every sample has the same composition

substance

matter that has a uniform and definite composition

Describing matter

Extensive Properties

a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample

intensive properties

a property that depends on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount of matter