The Concept of Knowledge

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The Concept of Knowledge

Purpose of Seeking Knowledge

To get Allah's pleasure

To distinguish between right and wrong

To achieve the happiness of both worlds (hasanah al-Dunyanwa al-Akhirah)

To practice with it

Degrees of Knowledge

0% = Jahl

30% = Wahm (estimation)

50% = Shakk (doubt

70% = Zann (conjecture)

100% = Ilm Yakin

200% = Ainul Yakin

300% = Haqqul Yakin

Adab (Manners) & Knowledge Acquisition

Ignore the different opinions among people

Be humble towards teachers

Minimize affairs of the world

Purify soul from impure traits & blameworthy characteristics

Knowledge VS Information

Information

Perceived differently

Can be shared, much more easily understood by everyone

General data expressed by numbers, words, images and sounds

Knowledge

Can be shared but might be perceived differently

Knowledge is made up of factors such as information, beliefs and experiences

Involves a personal experience

The Importance of Knowledge

The authenticity of prophethood of Muhammad (SAW) is the book of knowledge

The world 'ilm and its derivatives mentioned more than 700 in Quran

The Quran is inviting man to ponder and think & learn

Islam is a religion based upon knowledge

Parallel with the man's obligation as a Khalifah (Al-Baqarah: 30-33)

The first revelation to the Messenger (Al-'Alaq: 1-5)

Subtopic

Definition of Knowledge from Islamic Perspectives

Imam al-Ghazali

He looked the knowledge as the picture about something in the heart. That means the knowledge known by the heart is more genuine and secure because it is from Allah. This is because Imam al-Ghazali, as a sufi, thought “kashaf” (the seeing of the pure heart) as a source of knowledge when it is guided by iman with the help of the sound mind”

Knowledge is the acquisition of that information through which one can successfully attain the true goal of life

Al-Jurjani

It is a product of learning about all kinds of things which requires mental apprehension or cognition

Knowledge is the realization of something based on its true nature through different level of understanding such as application, comprehension, synthesis and judgement

Viewed that al-Ma’rifah (المعرفة) and al-‘Ilm (العلم) mean to comprehend something as it appears with the use of senses from ignorance

Naquib al-Attas

Knowledge has been understood to mean the holy Quran, laws of the syariah, faith, spiritual knowledge, wisdom, ma’rifah and others

al-Qadhi al-Baqilani

Knowledge is Knowing something known as the form and condition of itself in such a way

Imam al-Haramain

For example: differentiating between a horse with a car.

Way to visualize the purpose of knowledge about something by differentiating it with other things

The group of sunnah (Ahl al-Sunnah) have the opinion, which is as follows

“Knowledge is what one knows about something/ what makes one knowledgeable about something.”

The opinions of Muslim philosophers

for example: when we picture a car in our mind: what will be pictured in our mind are the shape of the car, tyre, engine, steering, car seat and others. This means that we have knowledge about the car.

“Knowledge means the picture produced about something in the mind/intellect”

Definition of Knowledge

Technical meaning

The obtainment of the ma'na (meaning) of an object in the soul and its arrival at the meaning (Al-Attas)

Realization of the meanings of things (Al-Ghazzali)

Literal meaning comes from Arabic word 'ilm which means

Tafakkur: Thought

Tazakkur: Remembrance

Basiran: Mental perception

Tadabbur: Observation

Al-Fiqh: Understanding

Al-Ma'rifah: knowing by experiment