Vertebrates: Phylogenetic Tree

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Vertebrates

Chordata

Mammalia

-They include marsupials and eutherians -They emerged from egg-laying monotremes

-They have hooves and an odd number of toes -They have a relatively simple digestive system

Perissodactyla

-They are herbivores -They are marsupials

Diprotodontia

Aves

-They have feathers, wings, and are bipedal -They have no teeth and lay eggs

-They are songbirds with long tails -They are slim with broad bills

Monarchidae

Reptilla

-They have amniotic eggs -They have a rib-cage ventilation system

-They have a bony or cartilaginous shell that developed from their ribs -They have a higher body temperature than surrounding water, because they have a high metabolic rate

Testudines

-They have rough scales -They are often poisonous

Squamata

Amphibia

-They have four limbs -Most have moist skin and live in both water and on land

-They have webbed digits (fingers and toes) -They are often semi-aquatic

Anura

Sarcopterygii

-They are bony fish with lobed fins -Each fin is a scaly stalk extending from the body

-Their skeleton is partly cartilaginous and partly bone -They have two incisors and dental plates on the upper and lower jaws

Ceratodontiformes

-They have eight fins -They move along currents and drifts

Coelacanthiformes

Actinoptergii

-They are aquatic gnathosomes -They have fins supported by rays

-Some appear to be square or triangular in appearance -They move slowly because their body structure is not flexible

Tetraodontiformes

Chondrichthyes

-They have a cartilaginous skeleton -They are aquatic gnathosomes

They have one or more venomous stingers near the tip of the tail -They are found in tropical to temperate marine waters

Dasyatoidea

-They have two dorsal fins -They have a nicitating membrane (transparent) over the eye

Carcharhiniforms

Petromyzontida

-They are jawless -They attach to living fish and ingest their blood

-They have no scales -They have a cartilaginous skeleton

Petromyzontiformes

Myxini

-They are jawless marine animals -They have a brain and eyes

-They are eel-shaped, smile producing animals -They have a skull, but no vertebral column

Myxiniformes

Ascidacea

-They have a ciruclatory, digestive, and nervous system -They have a rigid body structure

-They are an invasive species -Some undergo regeneration

Pleurogona

Leptocardii

-Classified as invertebrates and vertebrates -Have a backbone

-Have a translucent, fish-like body -Have no true skeleton

Amphioxiformes