Categorii: Tot - diffusion - meiosis - signaling - membrane

realizată de Jesus Aguilar 6 ani în urmă

178

Biology 311C Concept Map

The text delves into various biological processes and structures essential to cellular function. It highlights the mechanisms of diffusion and signaling, emphasizing how molecules such as cAMP activate specific proteins like protein kinase A.

Biology 311C Concept Map

Floating topic

Water

Properties of Water

Universal Solvent
Non Polar Molecule Behavior
Amphipathic Molecules
High Heat of Vaporization
High Specific Heat
Hydrogen Bonding
Cling to Polar Molecules

has a checkpoint

start with replicated chromosome

start with homologous chromosome pair

same as mitosis

meiosis 2

meiosis 1

1 sex chromosome

22 autosomes

produces gametes

cell plate (plant)

cleavage furrow (animal)

cytokinesis

telophase

anaphase

metaphase

prometaphase

prophase

duplication

single chromatid chromosome

S (DNA synthesis)

G2

G1

interphase

phases of cell cycle

haploid

diploid

mitosis

meiosis

germ cells

somatic cells

homologous

sister chromatids

centromere

allele

chromosomes

karyotype

Cell Cycle and Regulation

chemical

electrical

synapses

cell signaling

cellular responses

phosphorylation cascade

cAMP activates protein kinase A

converts ATP to cAMP (secondary receptor)

gate closes

ligand leaves

cellular response

gate opens

ligand binds to ion channel receptor

produces 2 cellular responses

relay proteins bind to dimer, get activated

uses ATP to get phosphorylated

forms dimer

signal molecule binds

G protein binds inactive enzyme (adenylyl cyclase)

G protein activated by GTP

signal molecule binds receptor

ion channel receptor

tyrosine kinase receptor

G protein receptor

receptor on cell membrane

nucleus

cytoplasm

receptor in cell

hydrophilic signal molecule

hydrophobic signal molecule

long distance signaling

local signaling

cell communication

sodium potassium pump

turgid/normal (plant)

lysed (animal)

plazmolyzed (plant)

shriveled (animal)

flaccid (plant)

normal (animal)

isotonic

hypotonic

hypertonic

osmotic conditions

active transport

membrane transport

facilitated diffusion

simple diffusion

Diffusion

intercellular joining

cell-cell recognition

signal transduction

enzyme

transport protein

Membrane Proteins

Cell Membranes

uracil

guanine

cytosine

thymine

adenine

phospholipids

trans fat

unsaturated fat

saturated fat

LDL

HDL

testosterone

cholesterol

steroids

beta glucose

alpha glucose

cellulose

glycogen

starch

nucleotides

amino acids

glucose

polysaccharides

monosaccharides

Lipids

Nucleic acids

Carbohydrates

Macromolecules

Biology 311C Concept Map

Photosynthesis

Light
Light Reactions

Photosystem II

ETC

Photosystem I

ATP & NADPH

Calvin cycle

Carbon Dioxide

Sugar G3P

Protein Sorting
Glycoprotein
Organelles
Rough ER
Golgi

Lysosomes

Stay in Golgi

Exocytosis

Plasma Membrane

Secretion

Free Ribosomes

Dna Structure & Replication

RNA
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Models of DNA Replication

Messleson And Stahl

Dispersive

Conservative

Semiconservative

Double Stranded

helicase

Replication Bubble

Okazaki Fragments

Lagging & Leading Strands

Replication Fork

ORI

Chargaff's Rule

Base Pairing

Avery, McCleod, McCarty
Griffith
Cell
Bacteriophages

DNA

Mutations

Frame Shift

Reading Frame

Nonsense

Missense

Silent

Chromosome

Gene

Gene Expression

Translation

Peptidyl transferase

Amino acyl tRNA synthatase

Initiation Factors

Cap at 5' end in Eukaryotes

Fmet in prokaryotes

Amino Acids

Binding Sites for tRNA

E Site

A Site

P Site

Proteins

tRNA

Transcription

RNA processing

Splicing

Alternate Splicing

Phosphodiester Bonds

Exons

Introns

Initiation

RNA polymerase

Elongation

Termination

5' to 3'

mRNA

Protein

Cellular Respiration

Glycolysis

4 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 Pyruvate Produced

No Oxygen

Fermentation

2 Ethanol + 2 CO2

2 Lactid Acid

Oxygen

Mitochondria

Pyruvate Oxidation

Citric Acid Cycle

3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis

Eukaryotic Cell

Lymphocytes
B cells

Antibodies

T cells
Cytosol
Cytoskeleton

Intermediate Filaments

Microfilaments

Microtubules

Ribosomes

Protein Synthesis

Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth
Rough
Golgi apparatus
Lysosome
Nucleus
Animal Cell
Intercelluar Junctions

Plasmodesmata

Gap, tight, cell membrane

Pinocytosis
Phagocytosis

Macrophages

Plant Cell
Cytoplasmic Streaming
Central Vacuole

Tonoplast

Chloroplast

Chemical Evolution/Prokaryotes

Reduced atmosphere
Milley & Urey
Oparin's Bubble

Chemical Bonding & Organic Compounds

Functional Groups
Methyl
Phosphate
Sulfuhydryl
Amino
Carboxyl
Carbonyl
Hydroxyl
Carbon Skeletons
Isomers

Cis-Tran

Geometric

Enantiomers

Structural

Electronegativity
Diff. Electronegativity

Basic

Acidic

Polar

Ion-Dipole

Dipole-Dipole

Similar negativity

Nonpolar

Van Der Waals

Hydrophobic

Types Of Bonds
Metallic
Covalent
Ionic