Biology: Concept Map

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Biology: Concept Map

Gene Expression

Translation

Occurs in cytoplasm

Begins with mRNA

Binds to anti codon

Contains tRNA

contains amino acids

make protein

Can fit two ribosomes

Contains codons

Transcription

Occurs in nucleus

starts with DNA

unzipped by RNA polymerase

Creates mRNA

Replication

uses enzymes and proteins

Primase

Starting point for DNA synthesis

Synthesizes short RNA primers

SSB

Keeps DNA strands separated

DNA polymerase

adds nucleotides

in 5'->3' direction

Topoisomerase

Prevents DNA from recoiling

DNA helicase

Replication fork is formed

lagging strand

discontinuously synthesised

RNA primase creates

RNA primer

DNA polymerase replicates primer

Okazaki fragments are linked

By

DNA Ligase

forming leading strand

by DNA polymerase

RNA primase synthesizes RNA primer

strand is continuously synthesized

unzips DNA helix

Cell Signaling

Second Messangers

Enzyme

Created

Adenylyl Cyclase

G-Protien linked receptor(in membrane)

Non protien signaling pathway

Glycogen breakdown with epinephrine

Example

Cyclic AMP (cAMP)

Ion Channels

Ligand Gated

allows

Calcium Ions

Into

Cytoplasm

From

Mitochondrial Matrix

Protein Phosphorylation

Cell Reproduction

Phosphate

Activates

from ATP

Protein Kinase

Reversal Enzymes

Protein Phosphotases

Long Distance Signaling

Horomones

Local Signaling

Binds with

Signal Molecule

Ligand

Paracrine (growth Factor)

Synoptic neuro transmitters

Short Distance

3 Steps

Response

Triggers

Specific cellular response

Regulates

Nuclear transcription

Cytoplasmic Activity

Cell Metabolism

Transduction

2 Types

Single Step

Series of Change

Reception

Targets

Cell Detections

Protein Traffic

Golgi Apparatus

Which has a cis face

Protein then travels with cisternae

Is a specific vesicle

To the trans face

Protein exits and travels with a vesicle

Has a specific "tag"

Directed to the cytoplasm using a motor protein

Travels on microtubles

Arrives at the

Rough ER

Protein undergoes glycosylation

Adds a carbohydrate group

Forms a glycoprotein

Which through a vesicle to the

Plasma membrane contains

SRP Receptor

binds to the

SRP protien

binds to

Protiens

to synthesize

RNA

use

Ribosomes

Contain

ER Sequence

Are found in

Cytosol

Lumin

Plasma Membrane

Exocytosis