Biology topic 1

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Biology topic 1

Protoctists

Animal like

E.g. Plasmodium (causes malaria)

Plant-like protoctists

E.g. Chlorella

Usually aquatic

This is a dump group

Funky Fungi

Have chitin cell walls

Fungi form hyphae (finger like structures)

Store carbohydrates as glycogen

no chloroplasts so carry out saprotrophic nutrition

Secretes extracellular enzymes which break down large , insoluble molecules into small, soluble molecules which the fungi then absorbs.

Single celled: yeast

Multicellular: Mucor or mould

Plants

e.g.

Herbaceous legumes: peas

NB legumes means to fix nitrogen out of the atmosphere

cereals: maize

Store carbohydrates as starch and sucrose

Contains chloroplasts THEREFORE can photosynthesise

Cellulose cell wall

Viruses

PATHOGENIC IN ALL ORGANISMS

E.g. Influenza, HIV,Ebola etc.

No cell membrane, just a protein coat

No cellular structure

Much smaller than bacteria

Do not carry out life processes Except reproduction BUT only when in a living host organism

NOT living organisms

DO NOT Carry out life processes

To be classified as a living organism, you must carry out the seven life processes: M- ovement R - espiration -> release of energy from food S - ensitivity -> topic 11 G - rowth -> topic 13 R - eproduction -> topic 12 E - xcretion -> topic 10 N - utrition ->topic 5 + 6

Bacteria

DNA in nucleoid

E.G. Spherical-shaped --> Streptococcus

E.G. rod-shaped --> Lactobacillus bulgaricus

All have a cell wall

some feed on other organisms

If they are dead, bacteria is a decomposer

If living, bacteria is a parasite

Some have chloroplasts

Single-Celled

Animals

E.G.

Insects: housefly or mosquito

Mammals: humans

Nervous communication so can move from place to place

store carbohydrates as glycogen

No chloroplasts THEREFORE can't photosynthesisze

No cell wall

Multicellular