Biology topic 1
Protoctists
Animal like
E.g. Plasmodium (causes malaria)
Plant-like protoctists
E.g. Chlorella
Usually aquatic
This is a dump group
Funky Fungi
Have chitin cell walls
Fungi form hyphae (finger like structures)
Store carbohydrates as glycogen
no chloroplasts so carry out saprotrophic nutrition
Secretes extracellular enzymes
which break down large , insoluble
molecules into small, soluble molecules
which the fungi then absorbs.
Single celled: yeast
Multicellular: Mucor or mould
Plants
e.g.
Herbaceous legumes: peas
NB legumes means to fix
nitrogen out of the atmosphere
cereals: maize
Store carbohydrates as starch and sucrose
Contains chloroplasts THEREFORE can photosynthesise
Cellulose cell wall
Viruses
PATHOGENIC IN ALL ORGANISMS
E.g. Influenza, HIV,Ebola etc.
No cell membrane, just a protein coat
No cellular structure
Much smaller than bacteria
Do not carry out life processes Except reproduction BUT only when in a living host organism
NOT living organisms
DO NOT Carry out life processes
To be classified as a living organism,
you must carry out the seven life processes:
M- ovement
R - espiration -> release of energy from food
S - ensitivity -> topic 11
G - rowth -> topic 13
R - eproduction -> topic 12
E - xcretion -> topic 10
N - utrition ->topic 5 + 6
Bacteria
DNA in nucleoid
E.G. Spherical-shaped
--> Streptococcus
E.G. rod-shaped
--> Lactobacillus bulgaricus
All have a cell wall
some feed on other organisms
If they are dead, bacteria is a decomposer
If living, bacteria is a parasite
Some have chloroplasts
Single-Celled
Animals
E.G.
Insects: housefly or mosquito
Mammals: humans
Nervous communication so can move from place to place
store carbohydrates as glycogen
No chloroplasts THEREFORE can't photosynthesisze
No cell wall
Multicellular
