Physical changes

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as color goes from yellow to red, the temperature of the substance increases (with brown no increase)

an increase in both kinetic energy and potential energy

vibrational, rotational, and translational molecular movement

an increase in the average kinetic energy

vibrate AND rotate

moderately spaced out and have a moderate speed

larger amounts of heat

increase 1g of the substance by 1 degree celsius

totally overcome its intermolecular forces of attraction

start escaping into the gas phase

no increase in the average kinetic energy (temperature)

molar heat of fusion/vaporization equations can only be used

amount of heat required to undergo certain changes

added energy is stored as potential energy

an increase in the average kinetic energy (temperature)

the particles are vibrating faster

particles are closely packed together

a small amount of heat

raise 1g of the substance by 1 degree Celsius

starting to weaken its intermolecular forces

particles move very quickly

many collisions with each other

only a small amount of heat

to raise 1g of the substance by 1 degree Celsius

specific heat capacity

Physical changes

changes of states

heating curve

phase transitions a substance undergoes

heat (thermal energy in motion) is added

the solid phase

the melting phase

the liquid phase

the boiling phase

the gas phase

as more heat is added to the substance