Categorii: Tot - significado - polisémicas - morfemas - denotación

realizată de Javier Cusco 3 ani în urmă

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SEMÁNTICA

El texto aborda la semántica, enfocándose en la diferenciación de los significados de las palabras. Explica que algunas palabras son polisémicas, es decir, tienen más de un significado, aunque generalmente se usa solo uno en un contexto específico.

SEMÁNTICA

SEMÁNTICA

To name your story, you have to think about the overall message and what you want your audience to understand from the story. Also, make it relevant and easy to remember.

CAMBIOS SEMÁNTICOS Y CAMBIOS LÉXICOS

The middle of the story is where you add layers of complications that will lead to the end. Reveal more about the character's journey. Did their personality go through changes? How did they overcome the challenges? And as you build up the story’s central conflict, make it more personal to that character. Also, from the middle act, you have to lead into the final act.

fenómenos lingüísticos

There wouldn't be any tension and excitement in your story if there weren't any obstacles in your character's way.

explican cambios semánticos y léxicos

A story is nothing more than a character overcoming a series of difficulties to reach the desired goal. Obstacles usually create suspense and conflict. In overcoming obstacles, there is growth: weak becomes strong; hatred turns into love; sadness into happiness; wrong into right; lies into truth; or evil becomes good.

See a few examples below:

calcos semánticos

etimologías populares

metonimia (y sinécdoque)

metáfora

Razones extralingüísticas

The ending of a story is essential. We all know that if the ending is weak, what happened before loses its importance. So make it unpredictable, but fair. A resolved ending answers all the questions and ties up any loose threads from the plot.

Causas sociales:

disfemismo

consiste en utilizar, normalmente con un tono humorístico o con intención degradante

coco/cabeza

eufemismos

se pretende evitar el uso del término considerado tabú: invidente/ciego, anciano/viejo

Causas psicológicas

This is the closure section of the story.
See examples of possible outcomes below:

por asociaciones mentales damos nombres de animales a actitudes o comportamientos humanos

Causas históricas

This is the moment when the main character surpasses the last obstacle and finally faces their greatest challenge.
The climax usually follows one of these patterns:


Type in your answer.

aparecen nuevas realidades que han de ser designadas

Try answering these questions to come up with a closure:
- Have all the problems been solved?
- Is there a clear picture of what happens with each character in the story?
- Has the challenge transformed your main character?
- How do the characters feel in the end?

RELACIONES SEMÁNTICAS

Subtopic
PARNIMOS

Your character(s) need(s) motivation in order to solve the challenge(s).

términos de parecido fonético pero de significado distinto

Why does your character need to confront this challenge? What does he/she expect to accomplish by solving it?
See a few examples:

diferencia/deferencia,

POLISEMIA. HOMONIMIA. PARONIMIA

Secondary characters might also have motives that lead them to cross paths with the main character or which might trigger them to help the main character.

palabras homónimas

igual significante pero cuyos significados son independientes

PISC(EM) > pez (el animal) PIC(EM) > pez (la sustancia viscosa)

polisemia

un significante posea varios significados.

Pluma: de ave; instrumento para escribir

ANTONIMIA

In most stories, there are 3 challenges. The number 3 is a mystical number symbolizing completeness. Try to come up with interesting challenges with which your character needs to struggle.
See a few examples below:

El lingüista J. Lyons estableció distintos tipos de antonimia:

Recíprocos

comprar/vender

Complementarios

Hembra/macho, par/impar

Antónimos

Palabras de significados opuestos o contrarios
SINONIMIA

Sensory details include sight, sound, touch, smell, and taste. These details are important because they create depth in your setting.
See a few examples below:

la sinonimia perfecta no existe

un término puede pertenecer a un registro formal y el otro al coloquial

Orina/pipi

identidad de significados entre significantes distintos
sofá
Sillón
Silla
Taburete
descomponer las palabras en semas

The weather is an important element in your story because it can highly influence the ambiance and the mood of the characters.

con respaldo
Con brazos
Para varias personas
Para una persona
Para sentarse
Mueble

1.SIGNIFICADO Y SEMÁNTICA

In the beginning of the story (or the exposition), you will need to introduce the setting and characters. You might also want to introduce the main conflict. This part of the story is important because it gives the reader necessary background information and maybe even a first insight into a character’s personality.

Significado denotativo y significado connotativo

The time of the story can also change. It can describe the event of a single day or can include an entire year's plot. Anyway, don't forget to mention it.

La connotación

a la carga de valores afectivos, evocadores, sugeridos que un término puede poseer.

Individuales

las de los escritores

De grupo

para determinados grupos de hablantes ciertas palabras adquieren distintas connotaciones

rojo

Socializadas

connotaciones compartidas por toda la sociedad

Burro/torpe

La denotación

El contenido nocional de un término, el significado compartido por todos los hablantes, su significado objetivo

Significado y sentido

The setting (time & place) of a story can change throughout the plot.

Palabras polisémicas

Your story can take place wherever your imagination will take you to.
For example: in an elevator, in an enchanted forest, etc. Don't forget to give details of the environment each time the setting changes, otherwise, the story can be confusing. Also, mention the seasons as each of them has unique weather and events.

poseen más de un significado

puede tener un vocablo

en el contexto se suele actualizar sólo uno de ellos

sentido (significado de efecto)

Griego semeion, ‘significar’

Characters are essential to a good story. Usually, the protagonist(s) is/are the most affected by the plot. Introduce a character by focusing on their actions, interests, and occupation, as the physical appearance doesn't make a difference in most cases.

Significado léxico y significado gramatical

Type in the name of your character.

Morfemas

Which traits best describe the character's personality? Choose more if necessary:

introvertedloyalkindindependentquick-thinkingadventuresomeidealisticsweet-naturedcalmrisk-takercreativewittystrictfussyweirdclumsyharshaggressivecarelessclingingcowardlycrueldeceitfulimpulsiveOther

los derivativos (o facultativos)

Add other qualities/attributes of the character.

tienen cierta significación y modifican el significado de la base léxica a la que se unan (en el proceso de creación de nuevas palabras)

Ejm: In-, a-, des-: ‘negación, privación’: inmoral, apolítico, deshacer. -ble: ‘posibilidad’: legible. -or, -dor: ‘agente’: cazador, actor, ascensor

los flexivos (o constitutivos)

What is your character's main goal?

fight Evilfind lovedefeat his/her enemyrule the worldmake friendstime travelmake an awesome discoveryOther

(propios de sustantivos, verbos, adjetivos, así como determinantes y pronombres) indican distintas categorías gramaticales como la persona, el número, el tiempo, el modo, etc

lexemas

Add other properties of the character.

significado léxico, es decir, nos evoca un ‘concepto’, una ‘realidad’

Choose the type of your chacter:

Protagonist (main character)Antagonist (main character's opponent)Flat (stereotypical character)Round (his/ her personality develops throughout the story)Static (doesn't evolve as a person throughout the story)Dynamic (dramatical change in personality)Confidant (the main character trusts him/ her)Foil (contrasting character who enhances the personality of another character)Other

estructura y formación de palabras