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Marcomolecules:
Methyl group (NONPOLAR)
Phosphate group (-OPO3^2-)
Sulfhydroxyl group (-SH)
Amino group (-NH2)
Carbonyl (>C=O)
Carboxyl (-COOH)
Hydroxyl (-OH)
Polarity = results from differing electronegativities
Nonpolar
Nonpolar Covalent Bonds - equal SHARING of electrons
Hydrophobic interactions
Van Der Waal Interactions
Polar
Polar Covalent Bonds - unequal SHARING of electrons
Hydrogen Bonds = intermolecular forces that occur between Hydrogen and Nitrogen, Oxygen, or Fluorine
Water and its Properties
Versatility as a solvent
Expansion upon freezing
Moderation of Temperature
High Heat of Vaporization
Evaporative cooling
Cohesion
Surface Tension
Adhesion
Inorganic Molecules
Valence electrons
Electronegativity
spliceosome
3' tail
5' cap
Pre mRNA
Gene splicing
5' to 3'
peptidyl transferase
tRNA
aminoacyl tRNA synthase
Stop codon
Start codon
Anticodon
Codon
RNA Polymerase
Prokaryotes
Nonmembrane bound organelles
Ribosomes
RNA Polymerase II
Eukaryotes
Membrane bound organelles
cytoplasm
Cell wall
Chloroplasts
Thylakoid
thylakoid membrane
Granum
Stomata
Chlorophyll
Plasmodesmada
Vacuole
Plasma Membrane
Phospholipid bilayer
Amphipathic
Hydrophilic
Hydrophobic
Peroxisomes
Cytoskeleton
Microtubules
Intermediate Filaments
Microfilaments
Flagellum
Centrosomes
Lysosome
Mitochondria
Endomembrane system
Golgi Apparatus
Smooth ER
Rough ER
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Nuclear Envelope
terminator
promotor
Transcription factors
Meiosis
4 daughter cells
Meiosis II
sister chromatids
Meiosis I
crossing over
haploid cells
Homologous chromosomes
Mitosis
2 daughter cells
diploid cells
M Phase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
Anaphase
Metaphase
Prometaphase
Prophase
Interphase
S Phase
Sister cromatids
G2
G1
Molecular Cloning
Recombinant Gene Therapy
plasmid
bacterial cells
Reproductive Cloning
Dolly
Nonsense Mutation
Missense Mutation
Frameshift Mutation
Silent Mutation
Photosynthesis
Cyclic electron flow
ATP
Dark reacction
light reaction
non-cyclic electron flow
NADPH
Cellular Respiration
electron transport chain
Calvin Cycle
Glycolysis