Water Crisis in yeman

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Soluble: Able to dissolve in water

Insoluble: Unable to dissolve in water

Solubility

Crude Oil

Nickel

Chromium

Mercury

Cadmium

Lead

Ground-Level Ozone

Carbon Monoxide

Metals

Pesticides

Nitrogen

Since water whether underground or from any neighboring sea the people of Yemen do not have access to clean water. Under 55% of Yemenis have access to clean water and 71%-78% Yemenis live under the poverty line. Thanks to the poverty and polluted water people of Yemen have no where to get water from except from filtered plastic bottles that 3 out of 4 yemenis cant afford.

Picture of people in yemen using what little of clean water they have

Pollutants in water

Homogenous: Same substance mixture

Heterogenous: Different substance mixture.

Mixtures

More than Maximum concentration of solute that can't be dissolved in a solvent

Maximum concentration of solute that can be dissolved in a solvent

Solute concentration is lower than its equilibrium solubility.

Unsaturated

Saturated

Super Saturated

Saturation Level

Dipole-Dipole

Hydrogen Bonding

Inter Molecular Forces

+

Hydroxyl + Sodium (OH + Na)

Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)

Water (H2O)

Solute: Substance that dissolves in a solvent.

Solvents: Substance that dissolves a solute.

Eutrophication: chemicals such as nitrates and phosphates enrich the water and promotes algae growth. This restricts the amount of sunlight in the water due to algal blooms and it decreases the amount of dissolved O2 in the water

Diagram of Eutrophication:

Solutions Solvents

Atmosphere

Oil Spills

Illegal dumping of waste

Sewage

Agriculture

Raods and urban areas

ph Indicators

methyl red

bromothymol blue

thymol blue

methyl orange

phenolphthalein

Litmus

pH indicator: substances that changes color from a solution's pH level after coming in contact with it.

pH: A scale used to identify if the substance is acidic or basic (aqueous solution).

Floating topic

That CO2 produced makes water levels more acidic producing carbonic acid.

Animals and plants die from lack of clean water which produces excessive amounts of CO2

Yemen Oil Spill

Base

11-14 pH

8-10 pH

Strong

Weak

4-6 pH

0-3 pH

Acid

Some substances like sodium carbonate, ammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide change the pH of water. This makes harmful elements to the sea plant and animal life dissolve in water much easily which does not result well for those lives.

Effects on humans and animals which rely on water

Yemen is suffering permanent damage to its valuable fisheries. Due to water pollution and hydrocarbon extraction.

Side effects of Eutrophication: Eutrophication alters the water's pH levels by the now existing algie decomposing and releasing CO2

Side effect of Bioaccumulation: Bioaccumulation kills sea animals that may be predators controlling prey populations or kills of fish that humans use for food.

Diagram of bioaccumulation:

Water Crisis in yeman

Eutrophication: algae growth happens when chemicals like phosphates and nitrates are abundant in water. The bloom of the algae causes lack of O2 and light from the sun entering water as it is blocked by the algae causing some fish life to struggle.

Bioaccumulation: When a food chain is disturb from toxic substances, this is called bioaccumulation. Bioaccumulation occurs in yemen because of the lack of sewage treatment plants,over-use of pesticides and fertilizers, poor sanitation and factory wastes.

Sources of water pollution