Категории: Все - mobility - symmetry - ancestor - organelles

по Aarushi Singh 3 лет назад

370

Aarushi's mindomo project

In exploring the diversity of life forms, one can trace the evolutionary lineage through various key characteristics. Beginning with the universal ancestor, organisms are grouped based on features such as ester linkages in cell membranes and the presence of DNA.

Aarushi's mindomo project

Universal ancestor - ester linkages - DNA presence

Common ancestor of Eukarya and Archaea - histones Present - methionine - multiple RNA polymerase with 8 or more polypeptides

Ester bonds Membrane bound organelles Membrane bound nucleus
Eukarya

American Black Bear (Ursus americanus) -organelles -nucleus

Euglenoids Excavata - feeding groove - secondary plastids

Radiolarians SAR Clade

Common ancestor of Stramenopila and Alveolata - secondary plastids

Dinoflagellates Alveolata - membranous vesicles on cell membrane - tertiary plastids

Diatoms Stramenopila - tripartite flagellate hair

Foraminiferas Rhizaria - filase pseudopodia

Slime molds Unikonta

Amoeba Amoebozoa - pseudopodia (tubular/flat lobes)

Fly Agaric (Amanita muscaria) Opisthokonta - single posterior flagellum - multicellular - absorptive heterotrophy

Black Bread Mold ( Rhizopus stolonifer) Fungi - cell wall - Zygotic life cycle

Common ancestor of Choanoflagellates and animals

American Black Bear Animals - mobility - complex organ system - gametic life cycle

Eumetazoa

Monarch Butterfly Bilateria -Bilateral body symmetry

Giant sea star Deuterostoma - Triploblasty -Radial and intermediate embryonic cleavage - Fate of Blastopore: anus

Echinoderms - Water vascular system

Common ancestor - Notochord - Hollow, dorsal nerve cord - Post, anal tail - Pharyngeal slits

Common Ancestor - Cranium - Vertebral column

Common Ancestor - Jaws

Common ancestor - Bony skeleton - Lungs/ lung derivatives

Common Ancestor - Lobe fins

Common Ancestor - Limbs with digits - Amniotic eggs

American Black Bear Ursus americanus - Mammalia - Endotherm - Hair - Milk

Green Sea Turtle Chelonia mydas - Reptilia - Ectotherm - Birds: Endotherms

Red Eyed Tree Frog Agalychnis callidryas - Amphibia - Ectotherm

Coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae - Lobe-finned fishes

Blue Tang Paracanthurus hepatus - Ray-finned fishes

Great White Shark Carcharodon carcharias - Chondrichthyes - Cartilaginous skeleton

Pacific Hagfish - Eptatretus stoutii - Agnathans

Urochordata - Sea Peaches

Cephalochordata - Branchiostoma lanceolatum

Echinoidea - Purple Sea Urchin - No arms and spikes

Ophiuroidea - Serpent star - No adhesive chemicals

Asteroidea - Giant sea star - Adhesive chemicals for gripping

Humboldt Squid Prostomia - Spiral and determinate embryonic cleavage - Fate of blastophore: mouth - Cephalization

Chesapeake Blue Crab Ecdysozoa - Diploblasty - Ecdysis

Arthropoda

Hexapoda (Insects) - Monarch Butterfly - Several complex organ systems - Metamorphosis

Crustacea - Chesapeake Blue Crab - Specialized appendages (claws/pinchers)

Subtopic

Chelicerata - Sourthern Black Widow - Claw-like feeding appendages

Nematoads - Roundworm

Golden Apple Snail Lophotrochozoa - Triploblasty - Presence of trochopore larvae or lophophore

Platyhelminthes - Pork Tapeworm

Rhabditophorans - Macrostomum ligano - Parastic

Trematoda - Sheep liver fluke - Require Intermediate host

Cestoda - Pork Tapeworm - Lacks mouth and gastrovascular cavity

Annelida - Common Earthworm

Mollusca - Humboldt Squid - Golden Apple Snail

Cephalopoda - Humboldt Squid - Tentacles

Bivalvia - Soft shell clam - Shells divided in two

Gastropoda - Golden Apple snail - Shell (marine and terrestrial)

Moon Jelly Cnidaria - Radial body symmetry - Diploplasty

Anthozoans - Elkhorn Coral - Polyp form

Medusozoans

Scyphzoa - Moon jelly - Medusa form most of its life

Hydrozoa - Pennaria disticha - Polyp and medusa forms

Giant Barrel Sponge Porifera

Choanoflagellate

Chlorophytes Archaeplastida -primary plastids

Common Ancestor

Common Ancestor -Sporic life cycle -Presence of embryo -Desiccation-resistant spores -Apical meristems -Gametangia -Sporangia

Common Ancestor -Thick waxy cuticle -Stomata -Dominant sporophyte generation -Lignin -Xylem and phloem

Common Ancestor -Ovules -Pollen -Seeds -Wood -Heterospory

Angiosperms -Fruit -Endosperm -Flowers -Ovaries

Southern Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora)

White Water Lily (Nymphaea alba)

Gymnosperms

Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum)

Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris

Eastern Marsh Fern (Thelypteris palustris) Monilophytes -Megaphylls leaves

Fan clubmoss (Diphasiastrum digitatum) Lycophytes -Lycophyll leaves

Field hornwort (Anthoceros agrestis) -Hornworts

Woolly Feather Moss (Tomentypnum nitens) -Mosses

Common Liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha) Liverworts

Braun's stonewort (Chara braunii) Charophytes - Zygotic life cycle

Esther bonds
Archae

Methanobrevibacter smithii

Presence of Peptidoglycan Ester bonds in cell membranes

Bacteria
E coli