Категории: Все - mutations - selection - fossils - evolution

по Hanna Wilson 2 лет назад

117

Evolutionary Mechanisms

Evolutionary biology encompasses various mechanisms and patterns that drive the diversity of life on Earth. Divergent, convergent, and parallel evolution illustrate different evolutionary paths, while genetic drift, including founder and bottleneck effects, highlight changes in allele frequencies within populations.

Evolutionary Mechanisms

Evolutionary Mechanisms

Mutations

occurs when
Environmental Factors affect organisms

which causes

Rates of Evolution

including

Gradualism

Punctuated equilibrium

Law of Use and Disuse

Migration

which influences

Genotypic Frequencies

Allele Frequencies

Gene Flow

Hardy-Weinberg Law of Genetic Equilibrium

Errors arise in DNA Replication

results in new alleles through

Production of Fertile Offspring

When Organisms "Attract a Mate"

Law of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics

Patterns of Evolution

Divergent Evolution
Convergent Evolution
Parallel Evolution

Reproductive Isolating Mechanisms

such as
Postzygotic Isolating Mechanisms

Hybrid Infertility

Hybrid Inivalibility

Zygote Mortaility

Prezygotic Isolating Mechanisms

results in

Geographical Isolation

Speciation

Sympatric Speciation

Allopatric Speciation

Temporal Isolation

Mechanical Isolation

Gametic Isolation

Behavioral Isolation

Pre-mating Isolation Mechanisms

causes

Ecological Isolation

Pre-fertilization Isolating Mechanisms

Evolutionary Change

Supported by evidence including:
Biogeography
Vestigal Features
Comparative Embryology
Fossil Records

Catastrophism

created by

Transitional Fossils

that show

Analogous Structures

Homologous Structures

Genetic Drift

Founder Effect

The Bottleneck Effect

Types of Selection

Natural Selection
is caused by

Darwinian Fitness

causes relationships such as

Co-speciation

Coevolution

Sexual Selection
Disruptive Selection
Stabilizing Selection
Directional Selection