Evolutionary Mechanisms

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Charles Darwin 1809-1882

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Evolutionary Mechanisms

Mutations

occurs when

Environmental Factors affect organisms

which causes

Rates of Evolution

including

Gradualism

Punctuated equilibrium

Law of Use and Disuse

Migration

which influences

Genotypic Frequencies

Allele Frequencies

Gene Flow

Hardy-Weinberg Law of Genetic Equilibrium

Errors arise in DNA Replication

results in new alleles through

Production of Fertile Offspring

When Organisms "Attract a Mate"

Law of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics

Patterns of Evolution

Divergent Evolution

Convergent Evolution

Parallel Evolution

Reproductive Isolating Mechanisms

such as

Postzygotic Isolating Mechanisms

Hybrid Infertility

Hybrid Inivalibility

Zygote Mortaility

Prezygotic Isolating Mechanisms

results in

Geographical Isolation

Speciation

Sympatric Speciation

Allopatric Speciation

Temporal Isolation

Mechanical Isolation

Gametic Isolation

Behavioral Isolation

Pre-mating Isolation Mechanisms

causes

Ecological Isolation

Pre-fertilization Isolating Mechanisms

Evolutionary Change

Supported by evidence including:

Biogeography

Vestigal Features

Comparative Embryology

Fossil Records

Catastrophism

created by

Transitional Fossils

that show

Analogous Structures

Homologous Structures

Genetic Drift

Founder Effect

The Bottleneck Effect

Types of Selection

Natural Selection

is caused by

Darwinian Fitness

causes relationships such as

Co-speciation

Coevolution

Sexual Selection

Disruptive Selection

Stabilizing Selection

Directional Selection